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Title: Entrained-flow gasification at elevated pressure: Volume 1: Final technical report, March 1, 1985-April 30,1987

Abstract

The general purpose of this research program was to develop a basic understanding of the physical and chemical processes in entrained coal gasification and to use the results to improve and evaluate an entrained gasification computer model. The first task included the collection and analysis of in-situ gasifier data at elevated pressures with three coal types (North Dakota lignite, Wyoming subbituminous and Illinois bituminous), the design, construction, and testing of new coal/oxygen/steam injectors with a fourth coal type (Utah bituminous), the collection of supporting turbulent fluid dynamic (LDV) data from cold-flow studies, and the investigation of the feasibility of using laser-based (CARS) daignostic instruments to make measurements in coal flames. The second task included improvements to the two-dimensional gasifier submodels, tabulation and evaluation of new coal devolatilization and char oxidation data for predictions, fundamental studies of turbulent particle dispersion, the development of improved numerical methods, and validation of the comprehensive model through comparison of predictions with experimental results. The third task was to transfer technical advances to industry and to METC through technical seminars, production of a detailed data book, code placement, and publication of results. Research results for these three tasks are summarized briefly here and presented in detailmore » in the body of the report and in supporting references. 202 refs., 73 figs., 23 tabs.« less

Authors:
; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT (USA). Combustion Lab.
OSTI Identifier:
7169081
Report Number(s):
DOE/MC/22059-2570-Vol.1
ON: DE88001070
DOE Contract Number:
AC21-85MC22059
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; IN-SITU GASIFICATION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PRESSURIZING; RESEARCH PROGRAMS; VALIDATION; BITUMINOUS COAL; CHARS; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; COAL GASIFICATION; DESIGN; DEVOLATILIZATION; ENTRAINMENT; MEASURING INSTRUMENTS; OXIDATION; OXYGEN; PARTICLES; POLLUTANTS; PRESSURE EFFECTS; PROGRESS REPORT; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; STEAM; SUBBITUMINOUS COAL; TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE; BLACK COAL; CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; COAL; DOCUMENT TYPES; ELEMENTS; ENERGY SOURCES; FOSSIL FUELS; FUELS; GASIFICATION; IN-SITU PROCESSING; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; MATERIALS; NONMETALS; PROCESSING; PYROLYSIS PRODUCTS; SPECTROSCOPY; TESTING; THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; 010404* - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Gasification

Citation Formats

Hedman, P.O., Smoot, L.D., Smith, P.J., and Blackham, A.U. Entrained-flow gasification at elevated pressure: Volume 1: Final technical report, March 1, 1985-April 30,1987. United States: N. p., 1987. Web. doi:10.2172/7169081.
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Hedman, P.O., Smoot, L.D., Smith, P.J., & Blackham, A.U. Entrained-flow gasification at elevated pressure: Volume 1: Final technical report, March 1, 1985-April 30,1987. United States. doi:10.2172/7169081.
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Hedman, P.O., Smoot, L.D., Smith, P.J., and Blackham, A.U. Thu . "Entrained-flow gasification at elevated pressure: Volume 1: Final technical report, March 1, 1985-April 30,1987". United States. doi:10.2172/7169081. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/7169081.
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@article{osti_7169081,
title = {Entrained-flow gasification at elevated pressure: Volume 1: Final technical report, March 1, 1985-April 30,1987},
author = {Hedman, P.O. and Smoot, L.D. and Smith, P.J. and Blackham, A.U.},
abstractNote = {The general purpose of this research program was to develop a basic understanding of the physical and chemical processes in entrained coal gasification and to use the results to improve and evaluate an entrained gasification computer model. The first task included the collection and analysis of in-situ gasifier data at elevated pressures with three coal types (North Dakota lignite, Wyoming subbituminous and Illinois bituminous), the design, construction, and testing of new coal/oxygen/steam injectors with a fourth coal type (Utah bituminous), the collection of supporting turbulent fluid dynamic (LDV) data from cold-flow studies, and the investigation of the feasibility of using laser-based (CARS) daignostic instruments to make measurements in coal flames. The second task included improvements to the two-dimensional gasifier submodels, tabulation and evaluation of new coal devolatilization and char oxidation data for predictions, fundamental studies of turbulent particle dispersion, the development of improved numerical methods, and validation of the comprehensive model through comparison of predictions with experimental results. The third task was to transfer technical advances to industry and to METC through technical seminars, production of a detailed data book, code placement, and publication of results. Research results for these three tasks are summarized briefly here and presented in detail in the body of the report and in supporting references. 202 refs., 73 figs., 23 tabs.},
doi = {10.2172/7169081},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 1987},
month = {Thu Oct 15 00:00:00 EDT 1987}
}
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Technical Report:
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DOI:  10.2172/7169081
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  • ;
    The three main tasks of the contract involve: (1) entrained coal gasification measurements, (2) improvement in the one- and two-dimensional computer codes for gasification processes, and (3) application of results to industrial and METC needs. The installation of the laboratory gasifier is 95% complete. Elevated pressure tests and injector characterization tests are pending completion of the installation. Analysis of gasifier data collected during the previous contract period has been completed. Laser Doppler measurements in cold flows simulating gasifier flows with and without swirl have been made. Improvements in LDV data collection and reduction methods have been made, especially for tangentialmore » velocity measurement. Insight into flow stability, turbulence properties, and swirl effects has been acquired through analysis of the data. Plans are being considered for a major revision of the particle dispersion submodel of PCGC-2 in which Lagrangian equations for particle number density will be solved simultaneously with other Lagrangian variables. Use of these Lagrangian particle density calculations are expected to significantly increase the accuracy of particle phase calculations. Improved accuracy in the char-oxidation kinetic constants used by PCGC-2 has been obtained through rigorous nonlinear least-squares analysis of original data. Increased numerical efficiency has been achieved with changes in code structure and compiling methods. A self-adapting underrelaxation scheme is also being adapted for use in PCGC-2. 49 refs., 14 figs., 1 tab.« less

  • ;
    The three main tasks of the contract are: (1) entrained coal gasification measurements, which includes elevated pressure tests of four coal types, investigation of injector design, cold-flow measurements in simulated gasifier flows, and investigation of advanced optical diagnostic techniques that could be applied to gasification measurements; (2) improvement of the one- and two-dimensional computer codes for gasification processes, including improvement of physical submodels and numerical methods, and comparison of model predictions with experimental results for code validation; and (3) application of results to industrial and METC needs through technical seminars, expansion of a detailed data book, and distribution of themore » code to other users, especially METC. Concerning task 1, gasifier measurements, the installation of the BYU gasifier into the new Combustion and Reactions Laboratory was completed, and checkout tests with methane flames were conducted. Elevated pressure tests and injector characterization tests are now planned. Several test coals have been prepared for use in the elevated pressure tests and injector characterization tests. The cold flow test program, which is designed to acquire gasifier flow field data to validate the fluid-mechanics submodel of PCGC-2, has been nearly completed. For task 2, a major revision of the particle dispersion submodel of PCGC-2 is underway in which Lagrangian equations for particle number-density will be solved simultaneously with other Lagrangian variables. Use of these Lagrangian particle density calculations are expected to significantly increase the accuracy of particle phase calculations. Improved accuracy in the char-oxidation kinetic constants used by PCGC-2 has been obtained through rigorous analysis of original data. Under task 3, work is continuing on updating the databook. A command program has been written to make PCGC-2 use more convenient. 31 refs., 9 figs.« less

  • ;
    The three main tasks of this study are: (1) entrained coal gasification measurements, which include elevated pressure tests of four coal types, investigation of injector design, cold-flow measurements in simulated gasifier flows, and investigation of advanced optical diagnostic techniques that would be applied to gasification measurements; (2) improvement of the computer code for gasification processes, including improvement of physical submodels and numerical methods, and comparison of model predictions with experimental results for code validation; and (3) application of results to industrial and METC needs through technical seminars, expansion of a detailed data book, and distribution of the code to othermore » users, especially METC. The mechanical installation of the gasifier into the new Combustion and Reactions Laboratory Building was completed, and two successful gasification experiments with Utah bituminous coal at atmospheric pressure were made. The PCGC-2 code was used to determine optimum operating conditions (based on maximum cold gas efficiency) for the existing baseline BYU injector design. The cold flow test program for simulated-gasifier operation has been completed. The evaluation of the current turbulent particle dispersion model was nearly concluded during the quarter. This model will form a benchmark with which to compare other turbulent particle dispersion models. Work on the coal devolatilization model and on coal oxidation was continued during the quarter. 34 refs., 13 figs.« less

  • ;
    The three main tasks of this study are: (1) entrained coal gasification measurements, which include elevated pressure tests of four coal types, investigation of injector design, cold-flow measurements in simulated gasifier flows, and investigation of advanced optical diagnostic techniques that could be applied to gasification measurements; (2) improvement of the computer code for gasification processes, including improvement of physical submodels and numerical methods, and comparison of model predictions with experimental results for code validation; and (3) application of results to industrial and METC needs through technical seminars, expansion of a detailed data book, and distribution of the code to othermore » users. Accomplishments are presented for these three tasks. 50 refs., 17 figs., 2 tabs.« less

  • The CONCHAS-SPRAY computer code was originally designed to study the coupled fluid dynamics, heat transfer, chemical reactions, and fuel spray dynamics of an engine-cylinder submodel of an internal combustion engine. This report describes the modifications and additions that were made in the physical and chemical submodels of CONCHAS-SPRAY, in order to study entrained coal gasification processes. These include a nonequilibrium radiation heat transfer model to account for radiative energy exchange between the fluid, the particles, and the confining walls, a wall heat transfer model, a solid particle model that allows for stochastic variations in coal particle properties, coal devolatilization andmore » char oxidation models, and additions to the code chemistry package to account for the cracking, reforming, and burning of the volatiles. Also, this report describes improvements that have been made in the CONCHAS-SPRAY algorithm and boundary conditions that have improved the robustness of the code and its applicability to the coal gasification study. Comparisons are made of numerical calculations of single- and two-phase cold flow jet penetration studies with experimental data. These show good to excellent agreement between the calculated and experimental measurements of jet penetration, mean and turbulent fluctuating gas velocity profiles, and solid phase velocity profiles. Also, numerical calculations of species distributions in an entrained coal gasifier are compared with experimental measurements. These comparisons are sufficiently good to inspire confidence in the ability of the CONCHAS-SPRAY code to model coal gasifier flows. 35 refs., 16 figs. 3 tabs.« less