Genotoxic and developmental effects in sea urchins are sensitive indicators of effects of genotoxic chemicals
- Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States). Energy and Environment Division
- Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA (United States). Dept. of Biology
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States). Health and Ecological Assessment Division
Purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) gametes and embryos were exposed to three known mutagenic chemicals (phenol, benzidine,and pentachlorophenol) over concentration ranges bracketing the effect levels for fertilization success. Normal development and cytogenetic effects (anaphase aberrations) were assessed after the cultures were allowed to develop for 48 h. Using radiolabeled chemicals, the authors also characterized concentrations in the test water as well as doses in the embryos following 2- and 48-h exposures. The authors observed dose responses for all chemicals and all responses, except for phenol, which showed no significant effect on development. Fertilization success was never the most sensitive end point. anaphase aberrations were the most sensitive response for phenol, with an LOEC of 2.5 mg/L exposure concentration. Anaphase aberrations and development were equivalent in sensitivity for benzidine within the tested dose range, and an LOEC of <0.1 mg/L was observed. Development was the most sensitive reasons for pentachlorophenol (LOEC 1 mg/L). the LOEC values for this study were generally lower than comparable data for aquatic life or human health protection. The authors conclude that genotoxicity and development evaluations should be included in environmental management applications and that tests developed primarily for human health protection do not reliably predict the effects of toxic substances on aquatic life.
- OSTI ID:
- 7016973
- Journal Information:
- Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; (United States), Vol. 13:7; ISSN 0730-7268
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
BENZIDINE
GENETIC EFFECTS
CHLORINATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
PHENOL
SEA URCHINS
SENSITIVITY
WATER POLLUTION
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
CELL DIFFERENTIATION
CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS
AMINES
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
AROMATICS
BENTHOS
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
ECHINODERMS
HALOGENATED AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
INVERTEBRATES
MUTATIONS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
PHENOLS
POLLUTION
540320* - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)
560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology