Chemical solvent effects during reactions in supercritical fluid solvents
Abstract
Neat pyrolysis and reaction in supercritical water were investigated for a collection of aromatic ether (phenethyl phenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, benzyl phenyl ether and phenyl ether) and fully-hydrocarbon (diphenylmethane, 1,2-diphenylethane and 1,3-diphenylpropane), model compounds, as well as one heterocyclic ether (dibenzofuran), toward gaining an understanding of the reactions of biomass and coal in supercritical fluid solvents. Analysis of the reaction products and the derived pathways and kinetics from the neat pyrolysis of each model compound provided a baseline with which the results from its reactions in water could be compared. Orthogonal sets of experiments separately examined the impact of reduced water loading on the rates of reaction and on product selectivities. This approach enable the discovery that, as a supercritical fluid extraction solvent, water was capable of participating as a reactant during the solvolysis of certain chemical moieties. A hydrolysis pathway was elucidated that operated in parallel with the thermal pathways of neat pyrolysis for phenethyl phenyl ether, dibenzyl ether and benzyl phenyl ether. 1,2-Diphenylethane and 1,3-diphenylpropane underwent only pyrolysis, and phenyl ether, diphenylmethane and dibenzofuran were all found to be thermally stable, under the conditions explored by this investigation. Kinetics analysis of the experimental data for phenethyl phenyl ethermore »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Delaware Univ., Newark, DE (USA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 6859498
- Resource Type:
- Miscellaneous
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Thesis (Ph. D.)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; 09 BIOMASS FUELS; BIOMASS; PYROLYSIS; SUPERCRITICAL GAS EXTRACTION; COAL; CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; CHEMICAL REACTION YIELD; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; DISSOLUTION; ETHERS; HYDROCARBONS; HYDROLYSIS; SIMULATION; WATER; CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS; DECOMPOSITION; ENERGY SOURCES; EXTRACTION; FOSSIL FUELS; FUELS; HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS; KINETICS; LYSIS; MATERIALS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; REACTION KINETICS; RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES; SEPARATION PROCESSES; SOLVENT EXTRACTION; SOLVOLYSIS; THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; YIELDS; 010405* - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction; 010409 - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Pyrolysis & Carbonization- (1987-); 090900 - Biomass Fuels- Processing- (1990-)
Citation Formats
Townsend, S H. Chemical solvent effects during reactions in supercritical fluid solvents. United States: N. p., 1988.
Web.
Townsend, S H. Chemical solvent effects during reactions in supercritical fluid solvents. United States.
Townsend, S H. 1988.
"Chemical solvent effects during reactions in supercritical fluid solvents". United States.
@article{osti_6859498,
title = {Chemical solvent effects during reactions in supercritical fluid solvents},
author = {Townsend, S H},
abstractNote = {Neat pyrolysis and reaction in supercritical water were investigated for a collection of aromatic ether (phenethyl phenyl ether, dibenzyl ether, benzyl phenyl ether and phenyl ether) and fully-hydrocarbon (diphenylmethane, 1,2-diphenylethane and 1,3-diphenylpropane), model compounds, as well as one heterocyclic ether (dibenzofuran), toward gaining an understanding of the reactions of biomass and coal in supercritical fluid solvents. Analysis of the reaction products and the derived pathways and kinetics from the neat pyrolysis of each model compound provided a baseline with which the results from its reactions in water could be compared. Orthogonal sets of experiments separately examined the impact of reduced water loading on the rates of reaction and on product selectivities. This approach enable the discovery that, as a supercritical fluid extraction solvent, water was capable of participating as a reactant during the solvolysis of certain chemical moieties. A hydrolysis pathway was elucidated that operated in parallel with the thermal pathways of neat pyrolysis for phenethyl phenyl ether, dibenzyl ether and benzyl phenyl ether. 1,2-Diphenylethane and 1,3-diphenylpropane underwent only pyrolysis, and phenyl ether, diphenylmethane and dibenzofuran were all found to be thermally stable, under the conditions explored by this investigation. Kinetics analysis of the experimental data for phenethyl phenyl ether and dibenzyl ether enable decoupling of the rate constants governing pyrolysis and solvolysis. These results were extended to describe the reactions of a class of compounds having a saturated carbon to which was attached a heteroatom-containing leaving group.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6859498},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1988},
month = {Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1988}
}