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Title: Structure of Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2}

Abstract

Earlier high temperature structure analysis by neutron powder diffraction suggested that Si vacancies were created when Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} was heated. A specimen that was heated to 906 C overnight was later examined at room temperature. For this subsequent room temperature data set refinement of the Si site occupancies in the Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} structure did not support the hypothesis that Si vacancies were being created when the sample was held at elevated temperatures in a vacuum furnace.

Authors:
; ;  [1]; ;  [2]
  1. Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
  2. Drexel Univ., Philadelphia, PA (United States). Dept. of Materials Engineering
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Washington, DC (United States); National Science Foundation, Washington, DC (United States)
OSTI Identifier:
676872
Report Number(s):
ORNL/CP-99843; CONF-980849-
ON: DE99000307; BR: EE0403000; CNN: Grant DMR 9705237; TRN: AHC29821%%5
DOE Contract Number:
AC05-96OR22464
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Resource Relation:
Conference: EPDIC-6: European powder diffraction conference, Budapest (Germany), 20-27 Aug 1998; Other Information: PBD: [1998]
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; TITANIUM CARBIDES; SILICON CARBIDES; NEUTRON DIFFRACTION; POWDERS; EXPERIMENTAL DATA

Citation Formats

Rawn, C.J., Payzant, E.A., Hubbard, C.R., Barsoum, M.W., and El-Raghy, T. Structure of Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2}. United States: N. p., 1998. Web. doi:10.2172/676872.
Rawn, C.J., Payzant, E.A., Hubbard, C.R., Barsoum, M.W., & El-Raghy, T. Structure of Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2}. United States. doi:10.2172/676872.
Rawn, C.J., Payzant, E.A., Hubbard, C.R., Barsoum, M.W., and El-Raghy, T. Sun . "Structure of Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2}". United States. doi:10.2172/676872. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/676872.
@article{osti_676872,
title = {Structure of Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2}},
author = {Rawn, C.J. and Payzant, E.A. and Hubbard, C.R. and Barsoum, M.W. and El-Raghy, T.},
abstractNote = {Earlier high temperature structure analysis by neutron powder diffraction suggested that Si vacancies were created when Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} was heated. A specimen that was heated to 906 C overnight was later examined at room temperature. For this subsequent room temperature data set refinement of the Si site occupancies in the Ti{sub 3}SiC{sub 2} structure did not support the hypothesis that Si vacancies were being created when the sample was held at elevated temperatures in a vacuum furnace.},
doi = {10.2172/676872},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Nov 01 00:00:00 EST 1998},
month = {Sun Nov 01 00:00:00 EST 1998}
}

Technical Report:

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  • We have identified three initial preceramic polymers to help produce the SiC-based alloys for this project and have developed simple processing steps to make SiC-based alloy ceramics. The use of unfilled SMP-10 (Polycarbosilane) or SMP-877 (Methyl-Polycarbosilane) is not feasible due to the large mass losses that occur during pyrolysis. The pre-gelling steps below save time when those two polymers are filled with powders. The use of SL-MS30 provides us with a SiC-filled polymer that can be used to test out the CNT mats without further complications due to other powders.
  • MAX phases, such as titanium silicon carbide (Ti 3SiC 2), have a unique combination of both metallic and ceramic properties, which make them attractive for potential nuclear applications. Ti 3SiC 2 has been suggested in the literature as a possible fuel cladding material. Prior to the application, it is necessary to investigate diffusivities of fission products in the ternary compound at elevated temperatures. This study attempts to obtain relevant data and make an initial assessment for Ti 3SiC 2. Ion implantation was used to introduce fission product surrogates (Ag and Cs) and a noble metal (Au) in Ti 3SiC 2,more » SiC, and a dual-phase nanocomposite of Ti 3SiC 2/SiC synthesized at PNNL. Thermal annealing and in-situ Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) were employed to study the diffusivity of the various implanted species in the materials. In-situ RBS study of Ti 3SiC 2 implanted with Au ions at various temperatures was also performed. The experimental results indicate that the implanted Ag in SiC is immobile up to the highest temperature (1273 K) applied in this study; in contrast, significant out-diffusion of both Ag and Au in MAX phase Ti 3SiC 2 occurs during ion implantation at 873 K. Cs in Ti 3SiC 2 is found to diffuse during post-irradiation annealing at 973 K, and noticeable Cs release from the sample is observed. This study may suggest caution in using Ti 3SiC 2 as a fuel cladding material for advanced nuclear reactors operating at very high temperatures. Further studies of the related materials are recommended.« less
  • SiC-polymers (pure polycarbosilane and polycarbosilane filled with SiC-particles) are being combined with Si and TiC powders to create a new class of polymer-derived ceramics for consideration as advanced nuclear materials in a variety of applications. Compared to pure SiC these materials have increased fracture toughness with only slightly reduced thermal conductivity. Future work with carbon nanotube (CNT) mats will be introduced with the potential to increase the thermal conductivity and the fracture toughness. At present, this report documents the fabrication of a new class of monolithic polymer derived ceramics, SiC + SiC/Ti 3SiC 2 dual phase materials. The fracture toughnessmore » of the dual phase material was measured to be significantly greater than Hexoloy SiC using indentation fracture toughness testing. However, thermal conductivity of the dual phase material was reduced compared to Hexoloy SiC, but was still appreciable, with conductivities in the range of 40 to 60 W/(m K). This report includes synthesis details, optical and scanning electron microscopy images, compositional data, fracture toughness, and thermal conductivity data.« less
  • A new dual-phase nanocomposite of Ti₃SiC₂/SiC is being synthesized using preceramic polymers, ceramic powders, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) designed to be suitable for advanced nuclear reactors and perhaps as fuel cladding. The material is being designed to have superior fracture toughness compared to SiC, adequate thermal conductivity, and higher density than SiC/SiC composites. This annual report summarizes the progress towards this goal and reports progress in understanding certain aspects of the material behavior but some shortcomings in achieving full density or in achieving adequate incorporation of CNTs. The measured thermal conductivity is adequate and falls into an expected range basedmore » on SiC and Ti₃SiC₂. Part of this study makes an initial assessment for Ti₃SiC₂ as a barrier to fission product transport. Ion implantation was used to introduce fission product surrogates (Ag and Cs) and a noble metal (Au) in Ti₃SiC₂, SiC, and a synthesized at PNNL. The experimental results indicate that the implanted Ag in SiC is immobile up to the highest temperature (1273 K) applied in this study; in contrast, significant out-diffusion of both Ag and Au in MAX phase Ti₃SiC₂ occurs during ion implantation at 873 K. Cs in Ti₃SiC₂ is found to diffuse during post-irradiation annealing at 973 K, and noticeable Cs release from the sample is observed. This study may suggest caution in using Ti₃SiC₂ as a fuel cladding material for advanced nuclear reactors operating at very high temperatures. Progress is reported in thermal conductivity modeling of SiC-based materials that is relevant to this research, as is progress in modeling the effects of CNTs on fracture strength of SiC-based materials.« less
  • An alcoholysis exchange between tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (THME-H{sub 3}) or tris(hydroxymethyl)propane (THMP-H{sub 3}) and group IV metal isopropoxides yields compounds of the general formula (THMR){sub 2}M{sub 4}(OCHMe{sub 2}){sub 10}[M = Ti (R = E, 1; P, 2); Zr (R = E, 3; P, 4)]. 1 and 2 are formed in toluene, at ambient glovebox temperatures, and adopt a typical fused-M{sub 3}O{sub 12} structure where each titanium atom is surrounded by six oxygens in a slightly distorted face-shared bioctahedral arrangement. All of the oxygens of the central core are from the THMR ligand, present as {mu}-O and {mu}{sub 3}-O oxygen bridges. Generation ofmore » 3 or 4 requires heating in toluene at reflux temperatures. The zirconium atoms of 3 possess an extremely distorted edge-shared bioctahedral geometry where the central core consists of a Zr{sub 4}O{sub 8} ring (eight oxygens: six from THME ligands and two from isopropoxide ligands). Each of the zirconium atoms is six-coordinated with four bridging oxygens and two terminal isopropoxide ligands. Spincast deposited films generated from toluene solutions of 1 and 3 indicate that increased uniformity of the films and decreased hydrolysis occur in comparison to the cases of Ti(OCHMe{sub 2}){sub 4}, 5, and [Zr(OCHMe{sub 2}){sub 4}{center_dot}HOCHMe{sub 2}]{sub 2}, 6, respectively.« less