An investigation into the effect of a ceramic particle trap on the chemical mutagens in diesel exhaust

Journal Article · Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1987 · Research Report Health Effects Institue; (USA)

OSTI ID:6711631

Bagley, S T; Dorie, L D; Leddy, D G; Johnson, J H ^[1]

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1. Michigan Technological Univ., Houghton (USA)

Diesel exhaust particles and vapor phase samples were collected from the diluted (15:1) exhaust of a 10.4 L displacement medium-duty engine (Caterpillar 3208), operated under EPA steady-state cycle Modes 4 and 5 conditions for load (50 and 75 percent, respectively) and speed (1680 rpm). Baseline (uncontrolled) emissions were compared to the exhaust modified by the use of an uncatalyzed monolithic ceramic trap (Corning). The Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity bioassay (Ames Test) was used to direct the course of chemical analyses. Total particulate matter (TPM), soluble organic fraction (SOF) (from TPM), sulfate fraction (SO4) (from TPM), and solid fraction (SOL) (from particle) were determined from dilute exhaust particles collected on 47 mm Teflon-coated woven glass fiber filters. Coincidentally, particles were collected on 508 x 508 mm Teflon-coated non-woven glass fiber filters, and vapor-phase samples were collected on XAD-2 resin. The SOF and VOC for chemical and biological characterization were obtained by Soxhlet extraction of samples with dichloromethane (DCM). Hydrocarbon mass balances were developed to evaluate the efficiency of the sampling system. Use of the ceramic traps caused no change in engine total hydrocarbon (HC) levels at Mode 4 but decreases in TPM, SOF, and NO2 were noted. In terms of HC emissions only, the percentage of SOF was significantly reduced, but the percentage of VOC was unchanged. For Mode 5, the engine HC levels were significantly reduced but the proportions of HC components, i.e. the percentage of SOF and the percentage of VOC, did not change significantly. Engine emission levels of TPM, SOF, and nitrogen dioxide were also significantly reduced at Mode 5. At both Modes 4 and 5, use of the ceramic particle traps caused an increase in the direct-acting (TA98) mutagenicity of the SOF and a decrease in the activity of the VOC.

• OSTI ID: 6711631
• Journal Information: Research Report Health Effects Institue; (USA), Vol. 5
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
AUTOMOBILES
EXHAUST GASES
HYDROCARBONS
ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
MUTAGEN SCREENING
PARTICULATES
SULFATES
CERAMICS
MUTAGENS
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
CHALCOGENIDES
EXTRACTION
FLUIDS
GASEOUS WASTES
GASES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARTICLES
SCREENING
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
VEHICLES
WASTES
540120* - Environment
Atmospheric- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)
560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology