Chemical dosimetry of prompt and residual radiations from nuclear detonations. Project 37. 5 of Operation Plumbbob
Chemical dosimetry studies were made to estimate human exposures to prompt and residual radiations from nuclear detonations. They include measurements of: (1) gamma radiation from fall-out at on-stie and off-stie areas; (2) air-dose and depth-dose distribution determinations in human phantoms placed at positions calculated to receive prompt neutron and ..gamma..-radiation exposures in the dose range of medical interest (0 to 1000 rads); and (3) estimates of ..gamma.. and mixed neutron plus ..gamma.. radiation exposures that might aid in the evaluation of Japanese who survived prompt-..gamma.. exposures at Nagasaki as compared with neutron plus ..gamma.. exposures at Hiroshima. The feasibility of using direct-reading chemical dosimeters for estimating ..gamma..-ray exposures from nuclear fall-out and from prompt bomb ..gamma.. radiations was demonstrated. The responses of single-phase dosimeters to ..gamma.. rays plus neutrons provided a useful index of the total exposure. The present estimates regarding human median lethal (LD/sub 50/) doses of whole-body ..gamma.. radiation, namely about 350 r for multidirectional exposures from fall-out and about 450 r for unidirectional prompt-..gamma.. exposures, are in accord with each other on the basis of depth-dose distribution results and integral-dose calculations. On the same basis, the LD/sub 50/ dose for a mixed neutron-..gamma.. ray exposure in equal amounts should be about 450 rads or less, depending on the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values used for neutrons.
- Research Organization:
- California Univ., Los Angeles (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 6675593
- Report Number(s):
- WT-1493
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE
GAMMA RADIATION
DOSIMETRY
NEUTRONS
CHEMICAL DOSEMETERS
DEPTH DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS
FALLOUT
HIROSHIMA
INTEGRAL DOSES
LETHAL DOSES
NAGASAKI
NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS
PHANTOMS
PROMPT GAMMA RADIATION
PROMPT NEUTRONS
RADIATION DOSES
RBE
WHOLE-BODY IRRADIATION
ASIA
BARYONS
DOSEMETERS
DOSES
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES
EXPLOSIONS
EXTERNAL IRRADIATION
FERMIONS
FISSION NEUTRONS
HADRONS
IONIZING RADIATIONS
IRRADIATION
JAPAN
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MOCKUP
NUCLEONS
RADIATION DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS
RADIATIONS
SPATIAL DOSE DISTRIBUTIONS
STRUCTURAL MODELS
655003* - Medical Physics- Dosimetry
450200 - Military Technology
Weaponry
& National Defense- Nuclear Explosions & Explosives