Economics of producing ammonia from coal by pressurized entrained and Koppers--Totzek gasification
Abstract
The demand for fertilizer will steadily increase as the world population continues to grow at a rapid rate. Almost all nitrogen fertilizer is derived from ammonia. Natural gas is the raw material to produce almost all the ammonia in the United States, but its availability for industrial use will decrease significantly in the future. Domestic consumption of natural gas will have top priority especially during the winter months. By 1990 the present administration plans to phase out natural gas for industrial use. Therefore, a substitute raw material for ammonia production will be needed to supplement and eventually replace natural gas. Coal, our richest fossil energy resource, is a likely possibility to replace natural gas. An economic evaluation of ammonia production from coal-derived hydrogen and air-derived nitrogen, based on a 1,000-ton-per-day capacity, is presented. Two coal entrained gasification systems for producing the hydrogen requirement are compared--one which operates at 30 atmospheres, and the other, Koppers-Totzek, which operates at a slightly higher than atmospheric pressure. Two different coals--Illinois No. 6 and Montana subbituminous--were considered for each system. The estimates are based on January 1977 cost indexes. Average selling prices of the ammonia were determined by using discounted cash flow (DCF) rates ofmore »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Department of Energy, Morgantown, WV (USA). Process Evaluation Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 6634604
- Report Number(s):
- FE-EES-78/5; CONF-780902-6
- Resource Type:
- Conference
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: American Chemical Society meeting, Miami, FL, USA, 10 Sep 1978
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; 08 HYDROGEN; 10 SYNTHETIC FUELS; AMMONIA; CHARGES; PRODUCTION; COAL GASIFICATION; COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS; ECONOMICS; FERTILIZERS; HYDROGEN PRODUCTION; KOPPERS-TOTZEK PROCESS; GASIFICATION; HYDRIDES; HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS; NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; NITROGEN HYDRIDES; THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; 010500* - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Products & By-Products; 010404 - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Gasification; 080107 - Hydrogen- Production- Coal Gasification; 090320 - Inorganic Hydrogen Compound Fuels- Preparation- (1976-1989)
Citation Formats
Morel, W C, and Yim, Y J. Economics of producing ammonia from coal by pressurized entrained and Koppers--Totzek gasification. United States: N. p., 1978.
Web.
Morel, W C, & Yim, Y J. Economics of producing ammonia from coal by pressurized entrained and Koppers--Totzek gasification. United States.
Morel, W C, and Yim, Y J. 1978.
"Economics of producing ammonia from coal by pressurized entrained and Koppers--Totzek gasification". United States.
@article{osti_6634604,
title = {Economics of producing ammonia from coal by pressurized entrained and Koppers--Totzek gasification},
author = {Morel, W C and Yim, Y J},
abstractNote = {The demand for fertilizer will steadily increase as the world population continues to grow at a rapid rate. Almost all nitrogen fertilizer is derived from ammonia. Natural gas is the raw material to produce almost all the ammonia in the United States, but its availability for industrial use will decrease significantly in the future. Domestic consumption of natural gas will have top priority especially during the winter months. By 1990 the present administration plans to phase out natural gas for industrial use. Therefore, a substitute raw material for ammonia production will be needed to supplement and eventually replace natural gas. Coal, our richest fossil energy resource, is a likely possibility to replace natural gas. An economic evaluation of ammonia production from coal-derived hydrogen and air-derived nitrogen, based on a 1,000-ton-per-day capacity, is presented. Two coal entrained gasification systems for producing the hydrogen requirement are compared--one which operates at 30 atmospheres, and the other, Koppers-Totzek, which operates at a slightly higher than atmospheric pressure. Two different coals--Illinois No. 6 and Montana subbituminous--were considered for each system. The estimates are based on January 1977 cost indexes. Average selling prices of the ammonia were determined by using discounted cash flow (DCF) rates of 12, 15, and 20% at various coal costs. No inflation factors are included during the life of the plant. Pollution abatement considerations have been incorporated. Some of the economic and technical details are included for the two systems.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6634604},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1978},
month = {Sun Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 1978}
}