Process for the extraction of hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon-bearing substrate and an apparatus therefor
Hydrocarbons are extracted from a hydrocarbon-beating substrate, e.g. shale oil, bituminous coal, tar sand, in the substantial absence of oxygen at temperatures above 400/sup 0/ C., by passing substrate particles through a plurality of successive stages in which the substrate is mixed with a solid heat-bearing medium, the mixture being maintained in a fluidized-bed condition, and the liberated hydrocarbons being removed by passage of an inert stripping gas in cross-current flow with respect to the passage of the substrate particles. The average cross-sectional area of at least one or more of the stages subsequent to the first one is preferably smaller than the average cross-sectional area of one or more of the preceding stages. An apparatus for carrying out the process is described.
- Assignee:
- Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. (Netherlands)
- Patent Number(s):
- US 4439306
- OSTI ID:
- 6614849
- Resource Relation:
- Patent Priority Date: Priority date 22 Apr 1981, Netherlands; Other Information: PAT-APPL-369685
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
04 OIL SHALES AND TAR SANDS
BITUMINOUS COAL
PYROLYSIS
HYDROCARBONS
RECOVERY
OIL SANDS
RETORTING
OIL SHALES
CHEMICAL REACTION YIELD
CHEMICAL REACTORS
DESIGN
FLUIDIZED BED
HIGH TEMPERATURE
SEPARATION EQUIPMENT
BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
BLACK COAL
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
COAL
DECOMPOSITION
ENERGY SOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
MATERIALS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
YIELDS
010406* - Coal & Coal Products- Pyrolysis & Cracking- (-1987)
040402 - Oil Shales & Tar Sands- Surface Methods