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Title: Fundamental studies in production of C[sub 2]-C[sub 4] hydrocarbons from coal

Abstract

The following conclusions can be drawn from the result obtained in this kinetic study of single stage coal gasification to hydrocarbon (HC) gases high in C[sub 2]-C[sub 4] hydrocarbons. It was observed that the direct conversion of coal to HC gases involves two steps. The first step is thermal cleavage of the coal structure to produce liquids with small amounts of gases and coke. The second step is conversion of liquids to gases. Coal to liquids occurs very rapidly and was completed within 10 minutes. Liquids to gases is the rate-determining step of the overall process. The conversion of liquids to gases was observed to follow first order kinetics. The first order kinetics treatment of the data by isothermal approximation gave an apparent activation energy of approximately 23 kcal/mol. The first order kinetics treatment of the data by a more rigorous non-isothermal method gave an activation energy of 26 kcal/mol. The quantity of HC gases produced directly from coal reached a constant value of about l0% of the dmmf coal at a reaction time of 10 miutes. Most of the HC gases were produced from the liquids. The study of model compounds shows that conversion of liquids to HC gases.proceedsmore » through a carbonium ion mechanism, and this accounts for the production of C[sub 2]-C[sub 4] gases. Liquid to gases occurs by a catalytic hydrocracking reaction.« less

Authors:
;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Utah Univ., Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE; USDOE, Washington, DC (United States)
OSTI Identifier:
6491837
Report Number(s):
DOE/PC/88940-T14
ON: DE93014936
DOE Contract Number:
FG22-88PC88940
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; COAL; HYDROGENATION; SYNTHETIC FUELS; COAL GASIFICATION; COAL LIQUEFACTION; HYDROCARBONS; SYNTHESIS; CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; CHEMICAL REACTIONS; ACTIVATION ENERGY; ALKENES; CATALYSTS; CHEMICAL BONDS; CLEAVAGE; CONVERSION; ETHANE; ETHYLENE; HYDROCRACKING; PROGRESS REPORT; PROPANE; ALKANES; CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS; CRACKING; CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; DECOMPOSITION; DOCUMENT TYPES; ENERGY; ENERGY SOURCES; FOSSIL FUELS; FUELS; GASIFICATION; KINETICS; LIQUEFACTION; MATERIALS; MICROSTRUCTURE; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; PYROLYSIS; REACTION KINETICS; THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES; 010404* - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Gasification; 010405 - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction

Citation Formats

Wiser, W.H., and Oblad, A.G. Fundamental studies in production of C[sub 2]-C[sub 4] hydrocarbons from coal. United States: N. p., 1993. Web. doi:10.2172/6491837.
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Wiser, W.H., & Oblad, A.G. Fundamental studies in production of C[sub 2]-C[sub 4] hydrocarbons from coal. United States. doi:10.2172/6491837.
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Wiser, W.H., and Oblad, A.G. Mon . "Fundamental studies in production of C[sub 2]-C[sub 4] hydrocarbons from coal". United States. doi:10.2172/6491837. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6491837.
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@article{osti_6491837,
title = {Fundamental studies in production of C[sub 2]-C[sub 4] hydrocarbons from coal},
author = {Wiser, W.H. and Oblad, A.G.},
abstractNote = {The following conclusions can be drawn from the result obtained in this kinetic study of single stage coal gasification to hydrocarbon (HC) gases high in C[sub 2]-C[sub 4] hydrocarbons. It was observed that the direct conversion of coal to HC gases involves two steps. The first step is thermal cleavage of the coal structure to produce liquids with small amounts of gases and coke. The second step is conversion of liquids to gases. Coal to liquids occurs very rapidly and was completed within 10 minutes. Liquids to gases is the rate-determining step of the overall process. The conversion of liquids to gases was observed to follow first order kinetics. The first order kinetics treatment of the data by isothermal approximation gave an apparent activation energy of approximately 23 kcal/mol. The first order kinetics treatment of the data by a more rigorous non-isothermal method gave an activation energy of 26 kcal/mol. The quantity of HC gases produced directly from coal reached a constant value of about l0% of the dmmf coal at a reaction time of 10 miutes. Most of the HC gases were produced from the liquids. The study of model compounds shows that conversion of liquids to HC gases.proceeds through a carbonium ion mechanism, and this accounts for the production of C[sub 2]-C[sub 4] gases. Liquid to gases occurs by a catalytic hydrocracking reaction.},
doi = {10.2172/6491837},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1993},
month = {Mon Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1993}
}
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Technical Report:
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DOI:  10.2172/6491837
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  • ;
    An envelope of parameter values has been experimentally identified in our laboratory, heretofore unexplored, for the catalytic hydrogenation and hydrocracking of coal which leads to yields of C{sub 2}--C{sub 4} hydrocarbons in excess of 50 weight percent of the coal, in a direct, single stage process under mild conditions. In this research program, an innovative and highly sophisticated reactor system, designed and constructed by us, will obtain data to define the reaction pathways leading directly from coal to high yields of C{sub 2}--C{sub 4} hydrocarbons, and to provide insight into the mechanisms of the conversion reactions. A computer program willmore » be developed to define the maximum yields of C{sub 2}, C{sub 3}, and C{sub 4} hydrocarbons thermodynamically possible in such a system, as a function of temperature, pressure and percent steam in the steam-hydrogen stream to the reactor, for the type of dual-functional catalyst identified as essential to the conversion process. The process will then be optimized for production of each of the hydrocarbons C{sub 2}, C{sub 3}, and C{sub 4}, and for production of olefins among these hydrocarbons.« less

  • ;
    An envelope of parameter values has been experimentally identified in our laboratory, heretofore unexplored, for the catalytic hydrogenation and hydrocracking of coal which leads to yields of C{sub 2}{minus}C{sub 4} hydrocarbons in excess of 50 weight percent of the coal, in a direct, single stage process under mild conditions. In this research program, an innovative and highly sophisticated reactor system, designed an constructed by us, will obtain data to define the reaction pathways leading directly from coal to high yields of C{sub 2}{minus}C{sub 4} hydrocarbons, and to provide insight into the mechanisms of the conversion reactions. A computer program willmore » be developed to define the maximum yields of C{sub 2}, C{sub 3}, and C{sub 4} hydrocarbons thermodynamically possible in such a system, as a function of temperature, pressure and percent steam in the steam-hydrogen stream to the reactor, for the type of dual-functional catalyst identified as essential to the conversion process. The process will then be optimized for production of each of the hydrocarbons C{sub 2}, C{sub 3}, and C{sup 4}, and for production of olefins among these hydrocarbons.« less

  • ;
    An envelope of parameter values has been experimentally identified in our laboratory, heretofore unexplored, for the catalytic hydrogenation and hydrocracking of coal which leads to yields of C{sub 2}-C{sub 4} hydrocarbons in excess of 50 weight percent of the coal, in a direct, single stage process under mild conditions. In this research program, an innovative and highly sophisticated reactor system will obtain data to define the reaction pathways leading directly from coal to high yields of C{sub 2}-C{sub 4} hydrocarbons, and to provide insight into the mechanisms of the conversion reactions. A computer program will be developed to define themore » maximum yields of C{sub 2}, C{sub 3}, and C{sub 4} hydrocarbons thermodynamically possible in such a system, as a function of temperature, pressure and percent steam in the steam-hydrogen stream to the reactor, for the type of dual-functional catalyst identified as essential to the conversion process. The process will then be optimized for production of each of the hydrocarbons C{sub 2}, C{sub 3}, and C{sub 4}, and for production of olefins among these hydrocarbons. Results to date are briefly discussed.« less

  • ;
    An envelope of parameter values has been experimentally identified in this laboratory, heretofore unexplored, for the catalytic hydrogenation and hydrocracking of coal which leads to yields of C{sub 2}-C{sub 4} hydrocarbons in excess of 50 weight percent of the coal, in a direct, single stage process under mild conditions. In this research program, an innovative and highly sophisticated reactor system, designed and constructed by the authors, will obtain data to define the reaction pathways leading directly from coal to high yields of C{sub 2}-C{sub 4} hydrocarbons, and to provide insight into the mechanisms of the conversion reactions. A computer programmore » will be developed to define the maximum yields of C{sub 2}, C{sub 3}, and C{sub 4} hydrocarbons thermodynamically possible in such a system, as a function of temperature, pressure and percent steam in the steam-hydrogen stream to the reactor, for the type of dual-functional catalyst identified as essential to the conversion process. The process will then be optimized for production of each of the hydrocarbons C{sub 2}, C{sub 3}, and C{sub 4}, and for production of olefins among these hydrocarbons. Preliminary results are described.« less

  • ;
    An envelope of parameter values has been experimentally identified in our laboratory, heretofore unexplored, for the catalytic hydrogenation and hydrocracking of coal which leads to yields of C{sub 2} {minus} C{sub 4} hydrocarbons in excess of 50 weight percent of the coal, in a direct, single stage process under mild conditions. In this research program, an innovative and highly sophisticated reactor system, designed and constructed by us, will obtain data to define the reaction pathways leading directly from coal to high yields of C{sub 2} {minus} C{sub 4} hydrocarbons, and to provide insight into the mechanisms of the conversion reactions.more » A computer program will be developed to define the maximum yields of C{sub 2}, C{sub 3}, and C{sub 4} hydrocarbons thermodynamically possible in such a system, as a function temperature, pressure and percent steam in the steam-hydrogen stream to the reactor, for the type of dual-functional catalyst identified as essential to the conversion process. The process will then be optimized for production of each of the hydrocarbons C{sub 2}, C{sub 3}, and C{sub 4}, and for production of olefins among these hydrocarbons.« less