Characterization of mineral matter in coals and coal liquefaction residues. Annual report
One of the aims of this program is to characterize organic and mineral components of coals and coal liquefaction residual materials. Relationships are sought between composition and properties of these components and the behavior of specific coals during liquefaction processes. Characterization techniques utilized are optical and scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and particle size analyses. Results are presented which show that the residual materials are made up of various organic and inorganic components. The organic phase of these materials is comprised of unaltered or partly reacted coal macerals and carbonaceous solids formed by retrogressive reactions during processing. Inorganic components are coal minerals, pyrrhotite and, in the case of liquefaction of subbituminous Wyodak coal, calcium carbonate precipitates. The exact distribution of all these components is a function of feed coal and processing conditions (H-Coal or Solvent Refining). Studies have been made into factors which influence retrogressive reactions during Solvent Refining. In the absence of a hydrogen donor, short contact times SRC's form semi-coke more readily than do equivalent long contact time SRC's. Experiments with SRC fractions show that the propensity to undergo retrogressive reactions is strongly influenced by phenolic oxygen functionality and molecular weight. Semi-coke formation is markedly inhibited by hydrogen transfer either by added hydrogen donors or by compounds which can 'shuttle' hydrogen. Details are given of a study into the mechanisms involved in the precipitation of calcium carbonate during liquefaction of low rank coals.
- Research Organization:
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
- OSTI ID:
- 6410223
- Report Number(s):
- EPRI-AF-832
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ASHES
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
COAL
COAL LIQUEFACTION
RESIDUES
ANKERITE
CALCITE
COKING
DOLOMITE
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
FLUORITE
GYPSUM
H-COAL PROCESS
ILLITE
INFRARED SPECTRA
KAOLINITE
MINERALS
MONTMORILLONITE
MUSCOVITE
PETROLOGY
PYRITE
QUARTZ
RUTILE
SEMICOKE
SIDERITE
SRC PROCESS
X-RAY DIFFRACTION
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS
ALUMINIUM SILICATES
CALCIUM CARBONATES
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
CALCIUM FLUORIDES
CALCIUM HALIDES
CALCIUM SULFATES
CARBON COMPOUNDS
CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS
CARBONATE ROCKS
CARBONATES
CARBONIZATION
CHALCOGENIDES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CLAYS
COHERENT SCATTERING
DECOMPOSITION
DIFFRACTION
ENERGY SOURCES
FLUORIDES
FLUORINE COMPOUNDS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
GEOLOGY
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
INORGANIC ION EXCHANGERS
ION EXCHANGE MATERIALS
IRON CARBONATES
IRON COMPOUNDS
IRON ORES
IRON SULFIDES
LIQUEFACTION
MAGNESIUM CARBONATES
MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS
MANGANESE CARBONATES
MANGANESE COMPOUNDS
MICA
MICROSCOPY
ORES
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PYRITES
RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS
RADIOACTIVE MINERALS
RESERVOIR ROCK
ROCKS
SCATTERING
SILICATES
SILICON COMPOUNDS
SILICON OXIDES
SPECTRA
SULFATES
SULFIDES
SULFUR COMPOUNDS
SULFUR ORES
THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES
TITANIUM COMPOUNDS
TITANIUM OXIDES
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
010600* - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Properties & Composition
010405 - Coal
Lignite
& Peat- Hydrogenation & Liquefaction