Detonation-product behavior at large expansion: the underwater detonation of nitromethane. [KOEOP code]
Abstract
The expanding product gases of the explosive used in rock fracturing, cratering, and air or underwater explosions do work on the surroundings even at relatively low pressures. To characterize explosives for these applications it is necessary to obtain an almost complete expansion history. An underwater test which was used to measure the shock-wave travel and gas bubble resulting from the detonation of 2 kg of nitromethane is described. The bubble expansion was photographically measured to a volume of about 80 times the initial volume of the shell. These experimental measurements compared well with those calculated by a one-dimensional hydrodynamic program, KOELAS. KOELAS also provided data to assist in the calculation of the apparent position of the shell containing the explosive, using refractive index gradients and the bubble position as a function of time. A method for estimating optical ray paths penetrating the expanding shock front and a modification to a streaking camera that permits stable operation at low rotor speeds are described. The expansion exhibited a minimum pressure of 2 MPa (20 bars), an amount in the range of rock blasting applications, underwater explosions, and rock fracturing or cratering.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (USA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 6316761
- Report Number(s):
- UCRL-52903
ON: DE81030468
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- Resource Type:
- Technical Report
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 45 MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, WEAPONRY, AND NATIONAL DEFENSE; COMPUTER CODES; K CODES; NITROMETHANE; UNDERWATER EXPLOSIONS; PHOTOGRAPHY; SHOCK WAVES; BUBBLES; COMPUTER CALCULATIONS; DETONATIONS; EQUATIONS OF STATE; EXPANSION; EXPLOSIVE FRACTURING; GAS YIELDS; HYDRODYNAMICS; OPTICS; STREAK PHOTOGRAPHY; WAVE PROPAGATION; CHEMICAL EXPLOSIVES; COMMINUTION; EQUATIONS; EXPLOSIONS; EXPLOSIVES; FLUID MECHANICS; FRACTURING; MECHANICS; NITRO COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC NITROGEN COMPOUNDS; YIELDS; 450100* - Military Technology, Weaponry, & National Defense- Chemical Explosions & Explosives
Citation Formats
Helm, Jr, F H, Chambers, E S, Lee, E, Finger, M, McGuire, R R, Mahler, J P, Cheung, H, and Cramer, J L. Detonation-product behavior at large expansion: the underwater detonation of nitromethane. [KOEOP code]. United States: N. p., 1980.
Web.
Helm, Jr, F H, Chambers, E S, Lee, E, Finger, M, McGuire, R R, Mahler, J P, Cheung, H, & Cramer, J L. Detonation-product behavior at large expansion: the underwater detonation of nitromethane. [KOEOP code]. United States.
Helm, Jr, F H, Chambers, E S, Lee, E, Finger, M, McGuire, R R, Mahler, J P, Cheung, H, and Cramer, J L. 1980.
"Detonation-product behavior at large expansion: the underwater detonation of nitromethane. [KOEOP code]". United States.
@article{osti_6316761,
title = {Detonation-product behavior at large expansion: the underwater detonation of nitromethane. [KOEOP code]},
author = {Helm, Jr, F H and Chambers, E S and Lee, E and Finger, M and McGuire, R R and Mahler, J P and Cheung, H and Cramer, J L},
abstractNote = {The expanding product gases of the explosive used in rock fracturing, cratering, and air or underwater explosions do work on the surroundings even at relatively low pressures. To characterize explosives for these applications it is necessary to obtain an almost complete expansion history. An underwater test which was used to measure the shock-wave travel and gas bubble resulting from the detonation of 2 kg of nitromethane is described. The bubble expansion was photographically measured to a volume of about 80 times the initial volume of the shell. These experimental measurements compared well with those calculated by a one-dimensional hydrodynamic program, KOELAS. KOELAS also provided data to assist in the calculation of the apparent position of the shell containing the explosive, using refractive index gradients and the bubble position as a function of time. A method for estimating optical ray paths penetrating the expanding shock front and a modification to a streaking camera that permits stable operation at low rotor speeds are described. The expansion exhibited a minimum pressure of 2 MPa (20 bars), an amount in the range of rock blasting applications, underwater explosions, and rock fracturing or cratering.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6316761},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 1980},
month = {Mon Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 1980}
}