Chemistry of the Transactinide Elements
Abstract
The investigation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements is particularly exciting because of the possibility that relativistic effects may alter the relative stability of the 7s, 6d, 7p valence electrons to such an extent that other oxidation states than those expected from simple extrapolation may be stabilized and the ionic radii may even be affected. In a recent review of relativistic effects in structural chemistry, Pyykkoe has stated that for the 6s of Au or the 6p electrons of Tl the relativistic change of the atomic potential is less important than the direct dynamical effect on the valence electrons. Further, the p, d, and f electrons (which never come close to the nucleus) will be affected due to more efficient screening from the nuclear charge because of the relativistic contraction of the s and p orbitals. Thus, these orbitals will increase in energy and extend outward radially. In summary, the primary relativistic effects on the atomic orbitals are: (1) contraction of the radius and energetic stabilization of s and p shells; (2) spin-orbit splitting of the l>0 orbitals; (3) increased radii and energetic destabilization of the outer d and all f orbitals. All of these effects are believedmore »
- Authors:
-
- University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences & Biosciences Division (CSGB)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 6269612
- Report Number(s):
- LBL-29815; CONF-9010297-3
ON: DE91009738
- DOE Contract Number:
- AC03-76SF00098
- Resource Type:
- Conference
- Resource Relation:
- Conference: 34. Robert A. Welch Foundation Conference on Chemical Research: Fifty Years with Transuranium Elements, Houston, TX (United States), 22-23 Oct 1990
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY; ELEMENT 104; CHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ELEMENT 104 CHLORIDES; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANS 104 ELEMENTS; AMINES; ATOMIC MODELS; RELATIVITY THEORY; SOLVENT EXTRACTION; TBP; VALENCE; BUTYL PHOSPHATES; CHLORIDES; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELEMENT 104 COMPOUNDS; ELEMENTS; ESTERS; EXTRACTION; FIELD THEORIES; GENERAL RELATIVITY THEORY; HALIDES; HALOGEN COMPOUNDS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS; PHOSPHORIC ACID ESTERS; SEPARATION PROCESSES; TRANSPLUTONIUM COMPOUNDS; TRANSPLUTONIUM ELEMENTS; TRANSURANIUM COMPOUNDS; TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS; 400702* - Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry- Properties of Radioactive Materials
Citation Formats
Hoffman, Darleane C. Chemistry of the Transactinide Elements. United States: N. p., 1990.
Web.
Hoffman, Darleane C. Chemistry of the Transactinide Elements. United States.
Hoffman, Darleane C. 1990.
"Chemistry of the Transactinide Elements". United States. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6269612.
@article{osti_6269612,
title = {Chemistry of the Transactinide Elements},
author = {Hoffman, Darleane C.},
abstractNote = {The investigation of the chemical properties of the transactinide elements is particularly exciting because of the possibility that relativistic effects may alter the relative stability of the 7s, 6d, 7p valence electrons to such an extent that other oxidation states than those expected from simple extrapolation may be stabilized and the ionic radii may even be affected. In a recent review of relativistic effects in structural chemistry, Pyykkoe has stated that for the 6s of Au or the 6p electrons of Tl the relativistic change of the atomic potential is less important than the direct dynamical effect on the valence electrons. Further, the p, d, and f electrons (which never come close to the nucleus) will be affected due to more efficient screening from the nuclear charge because of the relativistic contraction of the s and p orbitals. Thus, these orbitals will increase in energy and extend outward radially. In summary, the primary relativistic effects on the atomic orbitals are: (1) contraction of the radius and energetic stabilization of s and p shells; (2) spin-orbit splitting of the l>0 orbitals; (3) increased radii and energetic destabilization of the outer d and all f orbitals. All of these effects are believed by Pyykkoe to be of the same order of magnitude and will increase approximately as Z2.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6269612},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Sun Apr 01 00:00:00 EST 1990},
month = {Sun Apr 01 00:00:00 EST 1990}
}