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Title: Higher alcohol and oxygenate synthesis over cesium-doped Cu/ZnO catalysts

Abstract

The synthesis of higher (C{sub 2}{sup +}) alcohols and esters has been studied over cesium-doped Cu/ZnO catalysts. Under high alcohol synthesis conditions, e.g., 583 K, 7.6 MPa, and gas hourly space velocity = 3260 liters (STP)/kg cat/hr with a H{sub 2}/CO = 0.45 synthesis gas, the presence of cesium promoted the formation of higher oxygenates, especially 2-methyl-1-propanol. The yields of products passed through distinct maxima at cesium nominal concentrations of 0.3-0.5%. The principal role of cesium was to increase the ethanol synthesis rate and to provide an even greater enhancement in the rate of ethanol conversion to 1-propanol and subsequently to higher alcohols. To obtain insight into the mechanism of the carbon chain growth and linear versus branched carbon chain growth, a {sup 13}C-NMR study of the C{sub 2}-C{sub 4} product formed over Cu/ZnO and 0.4 mol% Cs/Cu/ZnO catalysts was performed. The presence of Cs effected a mechanistic switch and promoted {beta}-carbon addition, CH{sub 3}{sup 13}CH{sub 2}OH + CO/H{sub 2} {yields} {sup 13}CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}CH{sub 2}OH. The position of the {sup 13}C label in the CH{sub 3} group of propanol provides evidence for retention of oxygen associated with the C{sub 1} intermediate, formed from CO/H{sub 2}, and loss of oxygenmore » associated with {sup 13}CH{sub 2}OH group of ethanol. Mechanistically, such a retention is favored by a {beta}-ketoalkoxide intermediate that is bonded to the cesium centers via its anionic oxygen. This unique mechanism is termed here in as aldol coupling with oxygen retention reversal and is specific to the presence of the cesium salt dopant. 35 refs.« less

Authors:
; ; ;
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
6214744
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Journal of Catalysis; (USA)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 116:1; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-9517
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
10 SYNTHETIC FUELS; 01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; ALCOHOLS; SYNTHESIS; CESIUM; CATALYTIC EFFECTS; COPPER; ETHANOL; PROPANOLS; ZINC OXIDES; CARBON 13; CARBON MONOXIDE; CHEMICAL REACTION KINETICS; CHEMICAL REACTION YIELD; DOPED MATERIALS; ESTERS; HYDROGEN; METHANOL; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; PROMOTERS; REACTION INTERMEDIATES; SYNTHESIS GAS; ALKALI METALS; CARBON COMPOUNDS; CARBON ISOTOPES; CARBON OXIDES; CHALCOGENIDES; ELEMENTS; EVEN-ODD NUCLEI; FLUIDS; GASES; HYDROXY COMPOUNDS; ISOTOPES; KINETICS; LIGHT NUCLEI; MAGNETIC RESONANCE; MATERIALS; METALS; NONMETALS; NUCLEI; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; OXIDES; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; REACTION KINETICS; RESONANCE; STABLE ISOTOPES; TRANSITION ELEMENTS; YIELDS; ZINC COMPOUNDS; 100200* - Synthetic Fuels- Production- (1990-); 010408 - Coal, Lignite, & Peat- C1 Processes- (1987-)

Citation Formats

Nunan, J G, Bogdan, C E, Klier, K, Smith, K J, and Young, Chyi-Woei, Herman, R.G. Higher alcohol and oxygenate synthesis over cesium-doped Cu/ZnO catalysts. United States: N. p., 1989. Web. doi:10.1016/0021-9517(89)90086-9.
Nunan, J G, Bogdan, C E, Klier, K, Smith, K J, & Young, Chyi-Woei, Herman, R.G. Higher alcohol and oxygenate synthesis over cesium-doped Cu/ZnO catalysts. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(89)90086-9
Nunan, J G, Bogdan, C E, Klier, K, Smith, K J, and Young, Chyi-Woei, Herman, R.G. 1989. "Higher alcohol and oxygenate synthesis over cesium-doped Cu/ZnO catalysts". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(89)90086-9.
@article{osti_6214744,
title = {Higher alcohol and oxygenate synthesis over cesium-doped Cu/ZnO catalysts},
author = {Nunan, J G and Bogdan, C E and Klier, K and Smith, K J and Young, Chyi-Woei, Herman, R.G.},
abstractNote = {The synthesis of higher (C{sub 2}{sup +}) alcohols and esters has been studied over cesium-doped Cu/ZnO catalysts. Under high alcohol synthesis conditions, e.g., 583 K, 7.6 MPa, and gas hourly space velocity = 3260 liters (STP)/kg cat/hr with a H{sub 2}/CO = 0.45 synthesis gas, the presence of cesium promoted the formation of higher oxygenates, especially 2-methyl-1-propanol. The yields of products passed through distinct maxima at cesium nominal concentrations of 0.3-0.5%. The principal role of cesium was to increase the ethanol synthesis rate and to provide an even greater enhancement in the rate of ethanol conversion to 1-propanol and subsequently to higher alcohols. To obtain insight into the mechanism of the carbon chain growth and linear versus branched carbon chain growth, a {sup 13}C-NMR study of the C{sub 2}-C{sub 4} product formed over Cu/ZnO and 0.4 mol% Cs/Cu/ZnO catalysts was performed. The presence of Cs effected a mechanistic switch and promoted {beta}-carbon addition, CH{sub 3}{sup 13}CH{sub 2}OH + CO/H{sub 2} {yields} {sup 13}CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}CH{sub 2}OH. The position of the {sup 13}C label in the CH{sub 3} group of propanol provides evidence for retention of oxygen associated with the C{sub 1} intermediate, formed from CO/H{sub 2}, and loss of oxygen associated with {sup 13}CH{sub 2}OH group of ethanol. Mechanistically, such a retention is favored by a {beta}-ketoalkoxide intermediate that is bonded to the cesium centers via its anionic oxygen. This unique mechanism is termed here in as aldol coupling with oxygen retention reversal and is specific to the presence of the cesium salt dopant. 35 refs.},
doi = {10.1016/0021-9517(89)90086-9},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6214744}, journal = {Journal of Catalysis; (USA)},
issn = {0021-9517},
number = ,
volume = 116:1,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1989},
month = {Wed Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1989}
}