Nitrogen dioxide exposure in vivo and human alveolar macrophage inactivation of influenza virus in vitro

Journal Article · Sat Apr 01 00:00:00 EST 1989 · Environ. Res.; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(89)80033-7· OSTI ID:6096432

Frampton, M W; Smeglin, A M; Roberts, Jr, N J; Finkelstein, J N; Morrow, P E; Utell, M J

Epidemiologic studies have reported an increased incidence of respiratory infections and illness in association with elevated indoor levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2). Animal exposure studies have found that brief exposures to peak levels of NO2 produce greater morbidity than continuous lower level exposure. In order to examine the effect of NO2 inhalation on human alveolar macrophages, normal volunteers were exposed sequentially to air or NO2, by double-blind randomization, in an environmental chamber. Two exposure protocols with comparable concentration x time products were used: (a) continuous 0.60 ppm NO2 (n = 9), and (b) background 0.05 ppm NO2 with three 15-min peaks of 2.0 ppm (n = 15). Inhalation of NO2 caused no significant changes in pulmonary function or airway reactivity in either exposure protocol. Alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage 3 1/2 hr after exposure to continuous 0.60 ppm NO2 tended to inactivate influenza virus in vitro less effectively than cells collected after air exposure (1.96 vs 1.25 log10 plaque-forming units on Day 2 of incubation, P less than 0.07). Four of nine subjects accounted for the observed impairment in virus inactivation; cells from these four subjects demonstrated an increase in interleukin-1 (IL-1) production after NO2 vs air, whereas the five remaining subjects decreased IL-1 production after NO2. In contrast, intermittent peak exposure did not alter the rate of viral inactivation or IL-1 production. This methodology has the potential to identify pollutant effects on mechanisms of respiratory defense in humans.

• Research Organization: Univ. of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, NY (USA)
• OSTI ID: 6096432
• Journal Information: Environ. Res.; (United States), Vol. 48:2
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
INFLUENZA VIRUSES
VIABILITY
LYMPHOKINES
BIOSYNTHESIS
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
TOXICITY
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM DISEASES
EPIDEMIOLOGY
DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS
EXPOSURE CHAMBERS
IN VITRO
IN VIVO
INDOOR AIR POLLUTION
INHALATION
LAVAGE
MACROPHAGES
MAN
AIR POLLUTION
ANIMAL CELLS
ANIMALS
CHALCOGENIDES
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS
DISEASES
GROWTH FACTORS
INTAKE
MAMMALS
MICROORGANISMS
MITOGENS
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
NITROGEN OXIDES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXIDES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PARASITES
PHAGOCYTES
POLLUTION
PRIMATES
PROTEINS
SOMATIC CELLS
SYNTHESIS
VERTEBRATES
VIRUSES
560300* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology
550900 - Pathology