Regulation of the synthesis of barley aleurone. cap alpha. -amylase by gibberellic acid and calcium ions
The effects of gibberellic acid (GA/sub 3/) and calcium ions on the production of ..cap alpha..-amylase and acid phosphatase by isolated aleurone layers of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Himalaya) were studied. Aleurone layers not previously exposed to GA/sub 3/ or CA/sup 2 +/ show qualitative and quantitative changes in hydrolase production following incubation in either GA/sub 3/ or CA/sup 2 +/ or both. In cubation in H/sub 2/O or CA/sup 2 +/ results in the production of low levels of ..cap alpha..-amylase or acid phosphatase. The addition of GA/sub 3/ to the incubation medium causes 10- to 20-fold increase in the amounts of these enzymes released from the tissue, and addition of CA/sup 2 +/ at 10 millimolar causes a further 8- to 9-fold increase in ..cap alpha..-amylase release and a 75% increase in phosphatase release. Production of ..cap alpha..-amylase isoenzymes is also modified by the levels of GA/sub 3/ and CA/sup 2 +/ in the incubation medium. ..cap alpha..-amylase 2 is produced under all conditions of incubation, while ..cap alpha..-amylase 1 appears only when layers are incubated in GA/sub 3/ or GA/sub 3/ plus CA/sup 2 +/. The synthesis of ..cap alpha..-amylases 3 and 4 requires the presence of both GA/sub 3/ and CA/sup 2 +/ in the incubation medium. Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis shows that two distinct groups of ..cap alpha..-amylase antigens are present in incubation media of aleurone layers incubated with both GA/sub 3/ and CA/sup 2 +/, while only one group of antigens is found in media of layers incubated in GA/sub 3/ alone. Strontium ions can be substituted for CA/sup 2 +/ in increasing hydrolase production, although higher concentrations of Sr/sup 2 +/ are requried for maximal response. We conclude that GA/sub 3/ is required for the production of ..cap alpha..-amylase 1 and that both GA/sub 3/ and either CA/sup 2 +/ or Sr/sup 2 +/ are required for the production of isoenzymes 3 and 4 of barley aleurone ..cap alpha..-amylase. 22 references, 8 figures, 1 tables.
- Research Organization:
- Univ. of California, Berkeley
- OSTI ID:
- 5975931
- Journal Information:
- Plant Physiol.; (United States), Vol. 76:1
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ACID PHOSPHATASE
BIOSYNTHESIS
ENZYME ACTIVITY
AMYLASE
CALCIUM
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
GIBBERELLIC ACID
STRONTIUM
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
ELEMENTS
ENZYMES
ESTERASES
ESTERS
GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES
HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
HYDROLASES
HYDROXY ACIDS
LACTONES
METALS
O-GLYCOSYL HYDROLASES
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
PHOSPHATASES
SYNTHESIS
550200* - Biochemistry