Heat-Pump-Centered Integrated Community Energy Systems: system development. Final report
The ice-generating HP-ICES uses the heat of fusion of water as a heat source for the heat pump, thus converting the water into ice. The ice will be stored in a bin and used the following summer for cooling which, therefore, could be considered a by-product of heating. The annual overall Coefficient of Performance is expected to reach a value of 4.85 and related to source energy a value of 4.85 x 0.31 = 1.5. In a detailed case study on the Market Square project in Washington, D.C., it was found that for the HP-ICES the annual source energy input is about 60% and the life cycle annual average cost is 40% of the corresponding quantities for a conventional central system with equal heating and cooling capacity. The annual average operating and administration cost for the HP-ICES is less than 70% of the corresponding costs for the conventional system, while the first cost of the HP-ICES is about 70% larger than the first cost of the conventional system. With the values assumed for the discount rate, interest rate, etc., the return on investment was found to be about 15%, which gives a discounted payback period of about 6.7 years. For the Park Plaza in Boston, the annual source energy input for the HP-ICES is 35% and the energy cost is about 30% of the corresponding quantities for the conventional system. The annual average operating and administration cost for the HP-ICES is 4.5 times as great as the first cost for the conventional system. The return on investment is 13% and the payback is 8 years. These results show that the HP-ICES can be better both in energy usage and in life cycle cost than a conventional system of the same heating and cooling capacity, and holds great promise as an energy saving system.
- Research Organization:
- Dubin-Bloome Associates, New York (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31-109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 5927092
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/CNSV-TM-8
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
29 ENERGY PLANNING
POLICY AND ECONOMY
HEAT PUMPS
ICES
EVALUATION
COMMUNITIES
DESIGN
HUMAN POPULATIONS
LIFE-CYCLE COST
PAYBACK PERIOD
PERFORMANCE
COST
HEAT EXCHANGERS
POPULATIONS
320603* - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Municipalities & Community Systems- Public Utilities- (1980-)
290800 - Energy Planning & Policy- Heat Utilization- (1980-)
291000 - Energy Planning & Policy- Conservation