Probability of second law violations in shearing steady states

Journal Article · Mon Oct 11 00:00:00 EDT 1993 · Physical Review Letters; (United States)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.2401· OSTI ID:5914031

Evans, D J ^[1]; Cohen, E G.D. ^[2]; Morriss, G P ^[3]

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1. Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600 (Australia)
2. The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021 (United States)
3. School of Physics, University of South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales (Australia)

We propose a new definition of natural invariant measure for trajectory segments of finite duration for a many-particle system. On this basis we give an expression for the probability of fluctuations in the shear stress of a fluid in a nonequilibrium steady state far from equilibrium. In particular we obtain a formula for the ratio that, for a finite time, the shear stress reverse sign, violating the second law of thermodynamics. Computer simulations support this formula.

• DOE Contract Number: FG02-88ER13847
• OSTI ID: 5914031
• Journal Information: Physical Review Letters; (United States), Vol. 71:15; ISSN 0031-9007
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
FLUIDS
ENTROPY
STATISTICAL MECHANICS
COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION
EIGENVALUES
EQUATIONS
FLUCTUATIONS
INVARIANCE PRINCIPLES
IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES
LYAPUNOV METHOD
MANY-BODY PROBLEM
PHASE SPACE
PROBABILISTIC ESTIMATION
SHEAR
STEADY-STATE CONDITIONS
STRESSES
TRAJECTORIES
CALCULATION METHODS
MATHEMATICAL SPACE
MECHANICS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
SIMULATION
SPACE
THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES
VARIATIONS
665000* - Physics of Condensed Matter- (1992-)
661300 - Other Aspects of Physical Science- (1992-)
661100 - Classical & Quantum Mechanics- (1992-)