Physiologically based toxicokinetic model for the uptake and disposition of waterborne organic chemicals in fish
A physiologically based toxicokinetic model was developed to predict the uptake and disposition of waterborne organic chemicals in fish. The model consists of a set of mass-balance differential equations which describe the time course of chemical concentration within each of five tissue compartments: liver, kidney, fat, and richly perfused and poorly perfused tissue. Model compartmentalization and blood perfusion relationships were designed to reflect the physiology of fishes. Chemical uptake and elimination at the gills were modeled as countercurrent exchange processes, limited by the chemical capacity of blood and water flows. The model was evaluated by exposing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to pentachloroethane (PCE) in water in fish respirometer-metabolism chambers. Exposure to 1500, 150, or 15 microgram PCE/liter for 48 hr resulted in corresponding changes in the magnitude of blood concentrations without any change in uptake kinetics. The extraction efficiency for the chemical from water decreased throughout each exposure, declining from 65 to 20% in 48 hr. Extraction efficiency was close to 0% in fish exposed to PCE to near steady state (264 hr), suggesting that very little PCE was eliminated by metabolism or other extrabranchial routes. Parameterized for trout with physiological information from the literature and chemical partitioning estimates obtained in vitro, the model accurately predicted the accumulation of PCE in blood and tissues, and its extraction from inspired water. These results demonstrate the potential utility of the model for use in aquatic toxicology and environmental risk assessment. (Copyright (c) 1990 by Academic Press, Inc.)
- Research Organization:
- Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, MN (United States). Environmental Research Lab.
- OSTI ID:
- 5827667
- Report Number(s):
- PB-92-136902/XAB; CNN: AFOSR-ISSA-89-0060
- Resource Relation:
- Other Information: Pub. in Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 106, p433-447 1990. Prepared in cooperation with Harry G. Armstrong Aerospace Medical Research Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH. Sponsored by Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Bolling AFB, DC
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
TOXICITY
TROUT
SENSITIVITY
WATER POLLUTION
BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
MATHEMATICAL MODELS
METABOLISM
PERFUSED TISSUES
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION
ANIMAL TISSUES
ANIMALS
AQUATIC ORGANISMS
BODY
DISTRIBUTION
EQUATIONS
FISHES
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION
TISSUES
VERTEBRATES
540320* - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)
560300 - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology