Energy and materials flows in the cement industry
The cement industry is a large user of energy. In 1976, for example, the cement industry consumed 0.7% of the nation's direct energy, using 50 million tons of coal, 5.5 million barrels of fuel oil, 88,107 million cubic feet of natural gas, and 10,558 million kilowatt hours of electricity. Earlier, in 1971 when the cement industry was sixth in total energy use for heat and power among SIC four-digit industries, cement production consumed the most coal in that SIC group. From 1947 through 1976, the period covered by this study, cement industry energy consumption increased by 58%. However, process improvements during that period reduced the direct energy needed to produce a metric ton of cement 23% for dry processors and 17% for wet processors. There are constraints but further energy reductions are possible for individual producers through continued equipment modernization. An analysis employing 18 different scenarios indicates the precalciner kiln system for all new and replacement capacity offers the greatest energy savings, provided capital is retired in 15 or 25 years and industry growth is 1.5% or 3.0% per year.
- Research Organization:
- Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-31-109-ENG-38
- OSTI ID:
- 5656388
- Report Number(s):
- ANL/CNSV-17; ON: DE82001609
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
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Related Subjects
29 ENERGY PLANNING
POLICY AND ECONOMY
CEMENT INDUSTRY
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
ENERGY DEMAND
FINANCIAL DATA
PORTLAND CEMENT
PRODUCTION
DATA COMPILATION
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
KILNS
MANUFACTURING
MATERIAL SUBSTITUTION
MATERIALS
POLLUTION
PROCESSING
BUILDING MATERIALS
CEMENTS
DATA
DEMAND
EFFICIENCY
INDUSTRY
INFORMATION
NUMERICAL DATA
320301* - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Industrial & Agricultural Processes- Energy Sources
320302 - Energy Conservation
Consumption
& Utilization- Industrial & Agricultural Processes- Materials
298000 - Energy Planning & Policy- Consumption & Utilization