Formation of halogenated organics during waste-water disinfection
The research examined the formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and total organic halides (TOX) during wastewater chlorination at three wastewater treatment plants in the central Piedmont of North Carolina. Secondary effluent samples were collected before and after the addition of chlorine at each of the three treatment facilities; chlorinated samples were taken from various locations within the chlorine contact chambers and at the plant discharge. Water samples were also collected upstream and downstream from two of the plant outfalls to determine the increase and persistence of THMs and TOX below each plant. TOX and THM formation was evaluated in terms of effluent wastewater quality (e.g., residual chemical oxygen demand, total organic carbon and ammonia concentration), chlorine dose, chlorine contacting system, methods of chlorine addition, and chlorine-to-ammonia ratio. The results showed that TOX was present in the unchlorinated wastewater and that additional TOX was formed immediately after chlorine addition. Small to insignificant amounts of THMS were detected. TOX formation did not increase with increasing contact time, due to the rapid depletion of free chlorine and the formation of combined chlorine in the chlorine contact chamber.
- Research Organization:
- North Carolina Water Resources Research Inst., Raleigh, NC (USA)
- OSTI ID:
- 5650213
- Report Number(s):
- PB-89-193437/XAB; UNC-WRRI-88-239
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
PRODUCTION
SEWAGE
WATER TREATMENT
WASTE WATER
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORINATION
FIELD TESTS
POINT POLLUTANT SOURCES
REVIEWS
SAMPLING
WATER QUALITY
DOCUMENT TYPES
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
HALOGENATION
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
LIQUID WASTES
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
POLLUTION SOURCES
TESTING
WASTES
WATER
520200* - Environment
Aquatic- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport- (-1989)