Studies on promoting action in skin carcinogenesis
A number of substances were tested for carcinogenic promoting activity in Swiss mice by applying them twice weekly to the clipped dorsal skin, beginning 1 wk after a single application of 9,10-dimethyl-1, 2-benzanthracene (DMBA; 1 to 1.5% in mineral oil). Tests with silver nitrate (10% aqueous), iodoacetic acid (0.9% in acetone, fumaric acid (1% in acetone), ethylphenylpropiolate (5% in acetone), trihydroxymethylanthraquinone. (Emodin; 0.5% in acetone), oleic alcohol, monostearin (5% in acetone) and sorbitan monolaurate were essentially negative; when a single application of croton oil (5% in mineral oil) was interspersed between the carcinogen and silver nitrate, 6/20 mice developed 14 benign tumors and 1 carcinoma. N-Dodecane showed moderate promoting activity (26 tumors, with 2 carcinomas, in 12/30 mice). Tests of several petroleum fractions showed high initial promoting activity (404 tumors, with 31 carcinomas, in 36/50 mice), but the activity disappeared on storage; while there was no carcinogenic activity in mice, in New Zealand albino rabbits the petroleum fractions alone produced considerable numbers of tumors. One application of DMBA, however, did increase tumor incidence and shorten the latent period. The hexane-eluted fraction of a methanolic extract of croton seeds (which had little vesicant activity), had all the promoting activity of the original croton oil; this could be demonstrated with uethan (20 mg/day ip for 5 days) as the initiator as well as with DMBA. In conclusion, the authors distinguish sharply between the promoting activity of compounds such as croton oil, which lead mostly to benign tumors (many of which regress spontaneously), and the additive effects of carcinogenic substances which may have a stimulatory effect on the second stage of carcinogenesis; for this additive carcinogenic effect, they suggest the term developing action. Other studies on croton oil are also reviewed.
- Research Organization:
- Inst. of Medical Research, Chicago, IL
- OSTI ID:
- 5528023
- Journal Information:
- Natl. Cancer Inst. Monogr.; (United States), Vol. 10
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
02 PETROLEUM
ANTHRAQUINONES
CARCINOGENESIS
BENZANTHRACENE
CROTON OIL
OLEIC ACID
TUMOR PROMOTERS
ACETIC ACID
ALCOHOLS
CARBOXYLIC ACID SALTS
CARCINOGENS
CARCINOMAS
DODECANE
FUMARIC ACID
IODINE COMPOUNDS
MICE
NEOPLASMS
PETROLEUM FRACTIONS
RABBITS
SILVER NITRATES
SKIN
ALKANES
ANIMALS
AROMATICS
BODY
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
CONDENSED AROMATICS
DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS
DISEASES
ENERGY SOURCES
ESTERS
FOSSIL FUELS
FUELS
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROCARBONS
HYDROXY COMPOUNDS
LIPIDS
MAMMALS
MONOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS
NITRATES
NITROGEN COMPOUNDS
OILS
ORGANIC ACIDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
OTHER ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PATHOGENESIS
PETROLEUM
PROMOTERS
QUINONES
RODENTS
SILVER COMPOUNDS
TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS
TRIGLYCERIDES
VERTEBRATES
560305* - Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology- Vertebrates- (-1987)
020600 - Petroleum- Health & Safety