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Title: High n ballooning modes in highly elongated tokamaks

Abstract

An analytic study of stability against high n ballooning modes in highly elongated axisymmetric plasmas is presented and compared with computational results. From the equation for the marginal pressure gradient, it is found that the local shear plays an important role on the stability of elongated and shifted plasma, and that high elongation deteriorates the stability by decreasing the stabilizing effects of field line bending and local shear. The net contribution of the local shear to stability decreases with elongation and shift for strongly ballooning modes (eigenfunctions strongly localized near the outer edge of the toroidal flux surfaces) but increases for interchange modes (eigenfunctions more uniform along the flux surfaces). The computational study of high n ballooning modes in a highly elongated plasma reveals that lowering the aspect ratio and broadening the pressure profile enhance the marginal beta for ..beta../sub p/ less than unity but severely reduce the marginal beta for ..beta../sub p/ larger than unity.

Authors:
;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)
OSTI Identifier:
5501356
Report Number(s):
ORNL/TM-7074
TRN: 80-005461
DOE Contract Number:
W-7405-ENG-26
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; BALLOONING INSTABILITY; ANALYTICAL SOLUTION; TOKAMAK DEVICES; ASPECT RATIO; BETA RATIO; MAGNETIC FIELD CONFIGURATIONS; SHEAR; STABILIZATION; CLOSED PLASMA DEVICES; INSTABILITY; PLASMA INSTABILITY; PLASMA MACROINSTABILITIES; THERMONUCLEAR DEVICES; 700107* - Fusion Energy- Plasma Research- Instabilities

Citation Formats

An, C.H., and Bateman, G. High n ballooning modes in highly elongated tokamaks. United States: N. p., 1980. Web. doi:10.2172/5501356.
An, C.H., & Bateman, G. High n ballooning modes in highly elongated tokamaks. United States. doi:10.2172/5501356.
An, C.H., and Bateman, G. Fri . "High n ballooning modes in highly elongated tokamaks". United States. doi:10.2172/5501356. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5501356.
@article{osti_5501356,
title = {High n ballooning modes in highly elongated tokamaks},
author = {An, C.H. and Bateman, G.},
abstractNote = {An analytic study of stability against high n ballooning modes in highly elongated axisymmetric plasmas is presented and compared with computational results. From the equation for the marginal pressure gradient, it is found that the local shear plays an important role on the stability of elongated and shifted plasma, and that high elongation deteriorates the stability by decreasing the stabilizing effects of field line bending and local shear. The net contribution of the local shear to stability decreases with elongation and shift for strongly ballooning modes (eigenfunctions strongly localized near the outer edge of the toroidal flux surfaces) but increases for interchange modes (eigenfunctions more uniform along the flux surfaces). The computational study of high n ballooning modes in a highly elongated plasma reveals that lowering the aspect ratio and broadening the pressure profile enhance the marginal beta for ..beta../sub p/ less than unity but severely reduce the marginal beta for ..beta../sub p/ larger than unity.},
doi = {10.2172/5501356},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 1980},
month = {Fri Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 1980}
}

Technical Report:

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  • This report describes the work done by Science Applications International Corporation to study the effects of energetic particles on the microstability of a high temperature tokamak. The effects of an energetic population on ballooning modes in a large aspect ratio, shifted circular flux surface tokamak equilibrium are investigated with the newly developed gryokinetic numerical technique. The gryokinetic equations for the background ion and electron, as well as that of the energetic population are solved directly as an initial problem. The energetic particles are modeled with a slow-down distribution in energy. It is found that the ballooning mode stability of themore » plasma with an energetic species of increasing concentration does not differ much from an increase in the background plasma beta, except for possible energetic particle drift resonances. This result is encouraging to the idea that energetic particles such as alphas may be used to stabilize the ballooning modes in a fusion reactor.« less
  • Ballooning modes are found to possess a second stable regime for high beta. The range of unstable beta values depends on the details of the equilibrium, and in particular, on shear, which can be strongly stabilizing.
  • This report describes the work done by Science Applications International Corporation to study the effects of energetic particles on the microstability of a high temperature tokamak. The effects of an energetic population on ballooning modes in a large aspect ratio, shifted circular flux surface tokamak equilibrium are investigated with the newly developed gryokinetic numerical technique. The gryokinetic equations for the background ion and electron, as well as that of the energetic population are solved directly as an initial problem. The energetic particles are modeled with a slow-down distribution in energy. It is found that the ballooning mode stability of themore » plasma with an energetic species of increasing concentration does not differ much from an increase in the background plasma beta, except for possible energetic particle drift resonances. This result is encouraging to the idea that energetic particles such as alphas may be used to stabilize the ballooning modes in a fusion reactor.« less
  • Conditions of improved stability to high-n ideal MHD modes are obtained with equilibria generated by flattening and raising the safety factor (q) profile. Flat q profiles shorten the connection length for high-n ballooning modes and diminish the destabilizing impact of the geodesic curvature. High values of q stabilize the residual interchange modes.
  • A collisionless kinetic ballooning mode equation, which includes the full ion finite Larmor radius (FLR), the magnetic drift, and the trapped electron effects is derived and investigated for a large aspect ratio circular flux surface equilibrium in the frequency regime, ..omega../sub bi/, ..omega../sub ti/ < ..omega.. < ..omega../sub be/, ..omega../sub te/. The finite Larmor radius effects can reduce the growth rate, but do not stabilize the ballooning modes due to the destabilizing influence of the ion magnetic drift reonances. It is, in general, incorrect to simulate the FLR effects by employing the often used FLR modified MHD model for (k/submore » theta/rho/sub i/)/sup 2/approx. greater than or equal to 0.1 and epsilon/sub n/ approx. greater than or equal to 0.1, where k/sub theta/rho/sub i/ is the ion FLR parameter and epsilon/sub n/ = L/sub n//R measures the magnetic drift frequency. The trapped electrons have a stabilizing effect due to the reduction of the destabilizing circulating electron parallel current perturbation. For typical tokamak aspect ratio, the critical ..beta.. can be improved by 40%.« less