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Title: Valence bands of Cr-rich Fe--Cr alloys determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [1 to 21% Fe]

Abstract

The valence bands of Cr-rich Fe--Cr alloys were examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the possible existence of a virtual bound state. Samples containing 1%, 4%, 12%, and 21% Fe were tested and compared with a theoretical calculation based on the VBS model. Final results showed a trend possibly indicative of a VBS in this system, but further data of higher resolution are needed for quantitative results. 14 figures.

Authors:
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Ames Lab., Iowa (USA)
OSTI Identifier:
5283441
Report Number(s):
IS-T-794
DOE Contract Number:
W-7405-ENG-82
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Resource Relation:
Other Information: Thesis
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; CHROMIUM BASE ALLOYS; ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE; IRON ALLOYS; BOUND STATE; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; VIRTUAL STATES; ALLOYS; CHROMIUM ALLOYS; ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY; ENERGY LEVELS; SPECTROSCOPY; 360104* - Metals & Alloys- Physical Properties

Citation Formats

Galt, J.A.. Valence bands of Cr-rich Fe--Cr alloys determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [1 to 21% Fe]. United States: N. p., 1977. Web. doi:10.2172/5283441.
Galt, J.A.. Valence bands of Cr-rich Fe--Cr alloys determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [1 to 21% Fe]. United States. doi:10.2172/5283441.
Galt, J.A.. Thu . "Valence bands of Cr-rich Fe--Cr alloys determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [1 to 21% Fe]". United States. doi:10.2172/5283441. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/5283441.
@article{osti_5283441,
title = {Valence bands of Cr-rich Fe--Cr alloys determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [1 to 21% Fe]},
author = {Galt, J.A.},
abstractNote = {The valence bands of Cr-rich Fe--Cr alloys were examined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the possible existence of a virtual bound state. Samples containing 1%, 4%, 12%, and 21% Fe were tested and compared with a theoretical calculation based on the VBS model. Final results showed a trend possibly indicative of a VBS in this system, but further data of higher resolution are needed for quantitative results. 14 figures.},
doi = {10.2172/5283441},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 1977},
month = {Thu Dec 01 00:00:00 EST 1977}
}

Technical Report:

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  • The thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient of high-purity iron, two iron--chromium alloys, one iron--nickel alloy, and one iron--chromium--nickel alloy were measured over the temperature range from 90 K to 400 K. Smoothed values for the thermal conductivity and electrical resistivity were used to calculate the electronic thermal conductivity, the lattice conductivity, and the Lorenz function by means of a binary alloy separation technique. The lattice conductivity and Lorenz function exhibited little change due to the addition of chromium; however, the addition of small amounts of nickel resulted in significant property changes. The lattice conductivity at high temperatures wasmore » calculated from theory and compared to experimental results. Good agreement between theory and experimental data was obtained. 17 figures, 29 tables.« less
  • Chemical phase identifications of complex, multilayered corrosion products formed on Fe-Ni-Cr alloys immersed in molten NaNO/sub 3/-KNO/sub 3/ and LiNO/sub 3/-NaNO/sub 3/-KNO/sub 3/ were obtained by X-ray diffraction analysis. Diffraction analyses performed after successive material removal steps provided depth profiles of corrosion products and identified the dominant phases as NaFeO/sub 2/, Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ and Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ for Alloy 800 and 316SS after immersion in NaNO/sub 3/-KNO/sub 3/. In LiNO/sub 3/-NaNO/sub 3/-KNO/sub 3/, the major corrosion products identified on Alloy 800 were LiFeO/sub 2/, Fe/sub 3/O/sub 4/ and Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/. X-ray diffraction results were supplemented by electron microprobemore » analyses which revealed the solid solution nature of several of the oxide phases.« less
  • Photoelectrochemical (PEC) cells produce hydrogen gas through the sunlight driven electrolysis of water. By extracting hydrogen and oxygen from water and storing solar energy in the H-H bond, they offer a promising renewable energy technology. Addition of dilute amounts of nitrogen to III-V semiconductors has been shown to dramatically increase the stability of these materials for hydrogen production. In an effort to learn more about the origin of semiconductor photocorrosion in PEC cells, three samples of p-type GaP with varying levels of nitrogen content (0%, 0.2%, 2%) were photocorroded and examined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). GaPN samples were observedmore » to be more efficient during the hydrogen production process than the pure GaP samples. Sample surfaces contained gallium oxides in the form of Ga{sub 2}O{sub 3} and Ga(OH){sub 3} and phosphorus oxide (P{sub 2}O{sub 5}), as well as surface oxides from exposure to air. A significant shift in intensity from bulk to surface peaks dramatic nitrogen segregation to the surface during photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. Further investigations, including using a scanning electron microscope to investigate sample topography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analysis for solution analyses, are under way to determine the mechanism for these changes.« less
  • Characterization of chemical state and electronic structure of the technologically important Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound is attractive for understanding the physical nature of its excellent magnetic properties. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of such rare-earth compound is important and also challenging due to the easy oxidation of surface and small photoelectron cross-sections of rare-earth 4f electrons and B 2p electrons, etc. Here, we reported an investigation based on XPS spectra of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound as a function of Ar ion sputtering time. The chemical state of Fe and that of B in Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound can be clearlymore » determined to be 0 and −3, respectively. The Nd in Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound is found to have the chemical state of close to +3 instead of +3 as compared with the Nd in Nd{sub 2}O{sub 3}. In addition, by comparing the valence-band spectrum of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound to that of the pure Fe, the contributions from Nd, Fe, and B to the valence-band structure of Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound is made more clear. The B 2p states and B 2s states are identified to be at ∼11.2 eV and ∼24.6 eV, respectively, which is reported for the first time. The contribution from Nd 4f states can be identified both in XPS core-level spectrum and XPS valence-band spectrum. Although Nd 4f states partially hybridize with Fe 3d states, Nd 4f states are mainly localized in Nd{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B compound.« less
  • A recent paper on the 3 + 1 MPI photoelectron spectrum of O/sub 2/ via it s E 3 Sigma (u)(-) state shows that the so-called longest band has a strongly mixed Rydberg-valence character. To prevent confusion it should be noted that this E state was relabeled B' 3 Sigma (u)(-) because of this mixture and its formation from the upper state of the well-known Schumann-Runge bands; namely, B 3 Sigma (u)(-). Based on theoretical calculations, the B' 3 Sigma (u)(-) state was predicted to have as its first three vibrational levels, the longest, second, and third bands at 1244,more » 1206, and 1172 A. Also show that their MPI data agree with the longest being a (0,0) band which they report is in contrast to the original assignment who assigned it as (1,0). It is necessary to point out that the original assignment was changed on the basis of a reanalysis of the spectroscopic data. The longest, second, and third bands should indeed be the (0,0), (1,0), and (2,0) bands of the B' 3 Sigma (u)(-) -X 3 Sigma (g)(-) transition. More recent work on the O/sub 2/ absorption spectrum at high temperature supports these vibrational assignments.« less