Analysis of Gouy interference patterns from binary free-diffusion systems when the diffusion coefficient and refractive index have c/sup 1/2/ and C/sup 3/2/ terms, repsectively
Gouy fringe patterns are treated by numerical intergration and analytical techniques for binary electrolyte systems whose diffusion coefficients D and refractive indices n have concentration dependences including 1/2 and 3/2 powers. If one initial solution is pure water, skewing from the ideal case (constant D, linear n) is substantial; correction factors are large; and no averages of experimental quantities will yield D(anti-C). Refractive-index effects were much larger than expected. Analytical results include extension of the Gosting-Fujita theory to yield fringe positions and proof that f(zeta)/sup 2/3/ is a proper extrapolation function to get D/sub A/. Numerical integration results show (1) that the Gosting-Onsager theory for ideal systems is better than previously believed at high fringe numbers or low total number of fringes, (2) that masks are more important than previously assumed, and (3) that calculated corrections to experimental quantities can be least squared successfully in terms of variables suggested by the analytical theory. As anti C/(..delta..C/2) increases (C/sub 0/ moves away from infinite dilution), analytical results approach the numerical values. Proper analyses of dilute electrolyte data require several experiments to obtain the concentration-dependent correction factors. Examples for KCl and CaCl/sub 2/ are given. 4 figures, 4 tables.
- Research Organization:
- Univ. of California, Livermore
- DOE Contract Number:
- W-7405-ENG-48
- OSTI ID:
- 5183514
- Journal Information:
- J. Phys. Chem.; (United States), Vol. 84:11
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Analysis of Gouy fringe data and comparison of Rayleigh and Gouy optical diffusion measurements using the system raffinose (0. 015 M)-KCl (0. 5 M)-H[sub 2]O at 25[degree]C
Mutual Diffusion Coefficients of Na2SO4 at C = 0.02989 mol·dm-3 and 298.15 K by Using Rayleigh Interferometry with Free Diffusion Boundary Conditions: Experimental Test of the Effect of the C3/2 Concentration Dependence of Refractive Index at Low Concentration
Related Subjects
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
CALCIUM CHLORIDES
DIFFUSION
ELECTROLYTES
REFRACTIVITY
POTASSIUM CHLORIDES
BINARY MIXTURES
INTERFERENCE
WATER
ALKALI METAL COMPOUNDS
ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS
CALCIUM COMPOUNDS
CALCIUM HALIDES
CHLORIDES
CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
DISPERSIONS
HALIDES
HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS
MIXTURES
OPTICAL PROPERTIES
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
POTASSIUM COMPOUNDS
400400* - Electrochemistry