skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Residual stress measurement by successive extension of a slot: A literature review

Abstract

This report reviews the technical literature on techniques that employ successive extension of a slot and the resulting deformations to measure residual stress. Such techniques are known variously in the literature as the compliance or crack compliance method, the successive cracking method, the slotting method, and a fracture mechanics based approach. The report introduces the field and describes the basic aspects of these methods. The report then reviews all literature on the theoretical developments of the method. The theory portion first considers forward method solutions including fracture mechanics, finite element, analytical, and body force methods. Then it examines inverse solutions, including incremental inverses and series expansions. Next, the report reviews all experimental applications of slotting methods. Aspects reviewed include the specimen geometry and material, the details of making the slot, the method used to measure deformation, and the theoretical solutions used to solve for stress. Finally, the report makes a brief qualitative comparison between slotting methods and other residual stress measurement methods.

Authors:
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Assistant Secretary for Human Resources and Administration, Washington, DC (United States)
OSTI Identifier:
481857
Report Number(s):
LA-13283-MS
ON: DE97007580; TRN: 97:003657
DOE Contract Number:
W-7405-ENG-36
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Resource Relation:
Other Information: PBD: May 1997
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; RESIDUAL STRESSES; MEASURING METHODS; CRACK PROPAGATION; FRACTURE MECHANICS; FINITE ELEMENT METHOD; REVIEWS

Citation Formats

Prime, M.B. Residual stress measurement by successive extension of a slot: A literature review. United States: N. p., 1997. Web. doi:10.2172/481857.
Prime, M.B. Residual stress measurement by successive extension of a slot: A literature review. United States. doi:10.2172/481857.
Prime, M.B. Thu . "Residual stress measurement by successive extension of a slot: A literature review". United States. doi:10.2172/481857. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/481857.
@article{osti_481857,
title = {Residual stress measurement by successive extension of a slot: A literature review},
author = {Prime, M.B.},
abstractNote = {This report reviews the technical literature on techniques that employ successive extension of a slot and the resulting deformations to measure residual stress. Such techniques are known variously in the literature as the compliance or crack compliance method, the successive cracking method, the slotting method, and a fracture mechanics based approach. The report introduces the field and describes the basic aspects of these methods. The report then reviews all literature on the theoretical developments of the method. The theory portion first considers forward method solutions including fracture mechanics, finite element, analytical, and body force methods. Then it examines inverse solutions, including incremental inverses and series expansions. Next, the report reviews all experimental applications of slotting methods. Aspects reviewed include the specimen geometry and material, the details of making the slot, the method used to measure deformation, and the theoretical solutions used to solve for stress. Finally, the report makes a brief qualitative comparison between slotting methods and other residual stress measurement methods.},
doi = {10.2172/481857},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1997},
month = {Thu May 01 00:00:00 EDT 1997}
}

Technical Report:

Save / Share:
  • This article reviews the technical literature on the determination of a residual stress profile by successive extension of a slot and measurement of the resulting strains or displacements. This technique is known variously in the literature as the crack compliance method, the successive cracking method, the slotting method, and a fracture mechanics based approach. The article briefly summarizes the chronological development of this method and then, to facilitate more detailed review, defines the components that make up the method. The theory section of the article first considers forward method solutions including fracture mechanics, finite element, analytical, and body force methods.more » Then it examines inverse solutions, including incremental inverses and series expansions. Next, the article reviews all experimental applications of the crack compliance method. Aspects reviewed include the specimen geometry and material, the details of making the slot, the deformation measurement, and the theoretical solutions used to solve for stress. Finally, the article makes a brief qualitative comparison between crack compliance and other residual stress measurement methods. In many situations, the crack compliance method offers several advantages over other methods: improved resolution of residual stress variation with depth; the ability to measure both small and very large parts; measurement of stress intensity factor caused by residual stress; measurement of crack closure stresses; increased sensitivity over other material removal methods; and the ability to measure non-crystalline materials. 77 refs.« less
  • The role of residual stresses in the failure of structural components through stress corrosion, fatigue, premature fracture etc. is receiving increased attention. In order to economically supply the residual stress information on complex structures, nondestructive methods of measurement are required. Object of this study is to review the state of the art of nondestructive residual stress measurement methods, evaluate their applications and limitations, evolve a prognosis for possible development and application, and recommend technical areas in which research would be most effective. Conclusion is that the x-ray diffraction techniques are the only truly nondestructive methods for which the technology ismore » sufficiently developed for field application and some research would be useful in the development of procedures and instrumentation. The ultrasonic techniques hold the greatest promise for the future.« less
  • A survey of the literature was performed on Corrosion Related Failures in Flue Gas Desulfurization Systems. It was found that pitting and crevice corrosion of alloys occurred throughout scrubbers and were the major cause of failure. Stress-corrosion cracking failures were found in the prescrubber and in the reheater while erosion-corrosion failures occurred most frequently in the prescrubber. Pitting and crevice corrosion were associated with the presence of chlorides and low pH conditions while these factors, in conjunction with higher temperatures, appeared to be responsible for the occurrence of stress-corrosion cracking. Erosion-corrosion failures were associated with high velocities and the presencemore » of particulates in the incoming flue gas. Failures of organic linings occurred primarily as a result of debonding, caused by temperature upsets, and, occasionally, as a result of improper application. Erosion-corrosion failures of organic linings also were reported. Failures of inorganic linings have occurred as a result of improper materials selection and permeability to aqueous solutions. Solutions to these problems generally are dependent upon the specific application. The nickel-base alloys that contain molybdenum are highly resistant to pitting, crevice corrosion, erosion-corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking, but are expensive and difficult to fabricate. Recently developed organic coatings, such as the fluoroelastomers, are much more tolerant of temperature upsets than are the organic coatings that are commonly used, but the former are difficult to successfully apply. Acid resistant bricks and mortars are much more resistant to attack in scrubbers than are calcium aluminate concrete and mortars or Portland cement. However, protection of the underlying carbon steel support structure continues to be a problem with inorganic linings.« less
  • Recently it has been shown by several investigators that impurities in the BWR environment can enhance intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) of sensitized stainless steel. As a background for a project to systematize knowledge on this phenomenon, Swedish experience and the results of a literature survey have been reviewed. An overview of impurities known to occur, regularly or incidentally, in the BWR primary environment is given. An account is given on what is known of the effect of the various types of impurities on materials used in pressure-bearing systems in BWRs. The various possible mechanisms for enhancement effects of impuritiesmore » are discussed. Recommendations are given as to which tasks should be emphasized in the forthcoming study. Present knowledge is particularly weak concerning effects of anions of weak acids. 89 references, 10 figures.« less
  • A bibliography of 89 references on stress, crevice, galvanic, and uniform corrosion of stainless and carbon steel in high temperature boiler water is presented. (W.L.H.)