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Title: Effect of shadowing on electromagnetic scattering from rough ocean wavelike surfaces at small grazing angles

Abstract

A hybrid moment-method/geometrical-theory-of-diffraction technique (MM/GTD) has been implemented to numerically calculate the electromagnetic scattering from one-dimensionally rough surfaces at extreme illumination angles (down to 0{degree} grazing). The hybrid approach allows the extension of the modeled scattering surface to infinity, avoiding the artificial edge diffraction that prevents use of the standard moment method at the smallest grazing angles. Numerical calculation of the backscattering from slightly rough large-scale surfaces approximating ocean wave features shows that roughness in strongly shadowed regions can contribute significantly to the total backscatter at vertical polarization. This is observed when the shadowing obstacle is several wavelengths high, and the magnitude of the shadow-region contribution does not depend on the radius-of-curvature of the shadowing feature. Strongly shadowed roughness does not significantly contribute to the backscatter at horizontal polarization, although weakly shadowed roughness near the incidence shadow boundary does. The calculations indicate that a shadowing-corrected two-scale model may be able to predict the distributed-surface portion of the sea-surface scattering from the ocean surface at grazing angles down to about 15{degree}, but at lower grazing the shadowing and large-scale curvature of the surface prevent the establishment of a Bragg resonance and invalidate the model.

Authors:
 [1]
  1. Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK (United States). School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
464875
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 35; Journal Issue: 2; Other Information: PBD: Mar 1997
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; CLIMATIC CHANGE; OCEANIC CIRCULATION; WATER CURRENTS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; REMOTE SENSING

Citation Formats

West, J C. Effect of shadowing on electromagnetic scattering from rough ocean wavelike surfaces at small grazing angles. United States: N. p., 1997. Web. doi:10.1109/36.563269.
West, J C. Effect of shadowing on electromagnetic scattering from rough ocean wavelike surfaces at small grazing angles. United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.563269
West, J C. 1997. "Effect of shadowing on electromagnetic scattering from rough ocean wavelike surfaces at small grazing angles". United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/36.563269.
@article{osti_464875,
title = {Effect of shadowing on electromagnetic scattering from rough ocean wavelike surfaces at small grazing angles},
author = {West, J C},
abstractNote = {A hybrid moment-method/geometrical-theory-of-diffraction technique (MM/GTD) has been implemented to numerically calculate the electromagnetic scattering from one-dimensionally rough surfaces at extreme illumination angles (down to 0{degree} grazing). The hybrid approach allows the extension of the modeled scattering surface to infinity, avoiding the artificial edge diffraction that prevents use of the standard moment method at the smallest grazing angles. Numerical calculation of the backscattering from slightly rough large-scale surfaces approximating ocean wave features shows that roughness in strongly shadowed regions can contribute significantly to the total backscatter at vertical polarization. This is observed when the shadowing obstacle is several wavelengths high, and the magnitude of the shadow-region contribution does not depend on the radius-of-curvature of the shadowing feature. Strongly shadowed roughness does not significantly contribute to the backscatter at horizontal polarization, although weakly shadowed roughness near the incidence shadow boundary does. The calculations indicate that a shadowing-corrected two-scale model may be able to predict the distributed-surface portion of the sea-surface scattering from the ocean surface at grazing angles down to about 15{degree}, but at lower grazing the shadowing and large-scale curvature of the surface prevent the establishment of a Bragg resonance and invalidate the model.},
doi = {10.1109/36.563269},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/464875}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing},
number = 2,
volume = 35,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1997},
month = {Sat Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 1997}
}