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Title: Development of Disposable Sorbents for Chloride Removal from High-Temperature Coal-Derived Gases

Abstract

The integrated coal-gasification combined-cycle approach is an efficient process for producing electric power from coal by gasification, followed by high-temperature removal of gaseous impurities, then electricity generation by gas turbines. Alternatively, molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) may be used instead of gas turbine generators. The coal gas must be treated to remove impurities such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), a reactive, corrosive, and toxic gas, which is produced during gasification from chloride species in the coal. HCl vapor must be removed to meet environmental regulations, to protect power generation equipments such as fuel cells or gas turbines, and to minimize deterioration of hot coal gas desulfurization sorbents. The objectives of this study are to: (1) investigate methods to fabricate reactive sorbent pellets or granules that are capable of reducing HCl vapor in high-temperature coal gas streams to less than 1 ppm in the temperature range 400{degrees}C to 650{degrees}C and the pressure range 1 to 20 atm; (2) testing their suitability in bench-scale fixed- or fluidized-bed reactors; (3) testing a superior sorbent in a circulating fluidized- bed reactor using a gas stream from an operating coal gasifier; and (4) updating the economics of high temperature HCl removal.

Authors:
;  [1];  [2];  [3]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. SRI International, Menlo Park, CA (United States)
  2. Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)
  3. General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY (United States). Corporate Research and Development Center
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
USDOE Morgantown Energy Technology Center, WV (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Assistant Secretary for Fossil Energy, Washington, DC (United States)
OSTI Identifier:
421952
Report Number(s):
DOE/MC/30005-97/C0748; CONF-960757-38
ON: DE97051045
DOE Contract Number:
AC21-93MC30005
Resource Type:
Technical Report
Resource Relation:
Conference: Advanced coal-fired power systems review meeting, Morgantown, WV (United States), 16-18 Jul 1996; Other Information: PBD: [1996]
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT; 40 CHEMISTRY; HYDROCHLORIC ACID; ABSORPTION; COAL GAS; DECHLORINATION; NAHCOLITE; SORPTIVE PROPERTIES; HOT GAS CLEANUP; COAL GASIFICATION; COMBINED-CYCLE POWER PLANTS; FUEL CELLS; PELLETS; TEMPERATURE RANGE 0400-1000 K; BENCH-SCALE EXPERIMENTS; MINERALS; SODIUM CARBONATES; EXPERIMENTAL DATA

Citation Formats

Krishnan, G.N., Canizales, A., Gupta, R., and Ayala, R.. Development of Disposable Sorbents for Chloride Removal from High-Temperature Coal-Derived Gases. United States: N. p., 1996. Web. doi:10.2172/421952.
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Krishnan, G.N., Canizales, A., Gupta, R., & Ayala, R.. Development of Disposable Sorbents for Chloride Removal from High-Temperature Coal-Derived Gases. United States. doi:10.2172/421952.
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Krishnan, G.N., Canizales, A., Gupta, R., and Ayala, R.. Tue . "Development of Disposable Sorbents for Chloride Removal from High-Temperature Coal-Derived Gases". United States. doi:10.2172/421952. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/421952.
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@article{osti_421952,
title = {Development of Disposable Sorbents for Chloride Removal from High-Temperature Coal-Derived Gases},
author = {Krishnan, G.N. and Canizales, A. and Gupta, R. and Ayala, R.},
abstractNote = {The integrated coal-gasification combined-cycle approach is an efficient process for producing electric power from coal by gasification, followed by high-temperature removal of gaseous impurities, then electricity generation by gas turbines. Alternatively, molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) may be used instead of gas turbine generators. The coal gas must be treated to remove impurities such as hydrogen chloride (HCl), a reactive, corrosive, and toxic gas, which is produced during gasification from chloride species in the coal. HCl vapor must be removed to meet environmental regulations, to protect power generation equipments such as fuel cells or gas turbines, and to minimize deterioration of hot coal gas desulfurization sorbents. The objectives of this study are to: (1) investigate methods to fabricate reactive sorbent pellets or granules that are capable of reducing HCl vapor in high-temperature coal gas streams to less than 1 ppm in the temperature range 400{degrees}C to 650{degrees}C and the pressure range 1 to 20 atm; (2) testing their suitability in bench-scale fixed- or fluidized-bed reactors; (3) testing a superior sorbent in a circulating fluidized- bed reactor using a gas stream from an operating coal gasifier; and (4) updating the economics of high temperature HCl removal.},
doi = {10.2172/421952},
journal = {},
number = ,
volume = ,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 1996},
month = {Tue Dec 31 00:00:00 EST 1996}
}
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Technical Report:
View Technical Report (0.06 MB)
DOI:  10.2172/421952
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  • ;
    Advanced integrated-gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) and integrated-gasification fuel cell (IGFC) systems require the development of high temperature sorbents for the removal of hydrogen chloride (HCl) vapor to less than 1 parts-per-million (ppm) levels. HCl is a highly reactive, corrosive, and toxic gas which must be removed to meet environmental regulations, to protect power generation equipment, and to minimize deterioration of hot gas desulfurization sorbents. The objective of this program was to develop disposable, alkali-based sorbents capable of reducing HCl vapor levels to less than 1 ppm in the temperature range from 400 to 750 C and pressures in the range frommore » 1 to 20 atm. The primary areas of focus of this program were to investigate different methods of sorbent fabrication, testing their suitability for different reactor configurations, obtaining reaction kinetics data, and conducting a preliminary economic feasibility assessment. This program was a joint effort between SRI International (SRI), Research Triangle Institute (RTI), and General Electric Corporate Research and Development (GE-CRD). SRI, the prime contractor and RTI, a major subcontractor, performed most of the work in this program. Thermochemical calculations indicated that sodium-based sorbents were capable of reducing HCl vapor levels to less than 1 ppm at temperatures up to 650 C, but the regeneration of spent sorbents would require complex process steps. Nahcolite (NaHCO{sub 3}), a naturally-occurring mineral, could be used as an inexpensive sorbent to remove HCl vapor in hot coal gas streams. In the current program, nahcolite powder was used to fabricate pellets suitable for fixed-bed reactors and granules suitable for fluidized-bed reactors. Pilot-scale equipment were used to prepare sorbents in large batches: pellets by disk pelletization and extrusion techniques, and granules by granulation and spray-drying techniques. Bench-scale fixed- and fluidized-bed reactors were assembled at SRI and RTI to conduct tests at high-temperature, high-pressure conditions (HTHP). The HTHP tests confirmed the ability of nahcolite pellets and granules to reduce the HCl vapor levels to less than 1 ppm levels with a very high sorbent utilization for chloride capture. The effect of several operating variables such as temperature, pressure, presence of hydrogen sulfide, and sorbent preparation methods was studied on the efficacy of HCl removal by the sorbent. Pilot-scale tests were performed in the fluidized-bed mode at the gasifier facility at the GE-CRD. Sorbent exposure tests were also conducted using a hot coal gas stream from the DOE/FETC's fluidized-bed gasifier at Morgantown, WV. These tests confirmed the results obtained at SRI and RTI. A preliminary economic assessment showed that the cost of HCl removal in a commercial IGCC system will be about $0.001/kWh (1 mills/kWh).« less

  • ; ;
    The objective of this program is to develop alkali-based disposable sorbents capable of reducing HCl vapor concentrations to less than 1 ppmv in coal gas streams at temperatures in the range 400{degrees} to 750{degrees}C and pressures in the range 1 to 20 atm. The primary areas of focus of this program are investigation of different processes for fabricating the sorbents, testing their suitability for different reactor configurations, obtaining kinetic data for commercial reactor design, and updating the economics of the process.

  • ; ; ; ...
    The goal of this program is to develop alkali-based disposable sorbents capable of reducing HCl vapor concentrations to less than 1 ppm in coal gas streams at temperatures in the 480 degree C to 750 degree C range and pressures in the range 1 to 20 atm. The primary areas of focus of this program are investigation of different processes for fabricating the sorbents, testing their suitability for different reactor configurations (fixed-, moving-, and fluidized-bed reactors), obtaining kinetic data for commercial reactor design, and updating the economics of the process.