Mass transport by the boundary layer boson array in liquid helium-four
All available measurements involving transport of energy and momentum in liquid helium-four at low temperatures prove that the transport of helium takes place in the boundary layer which is firmly attached to all immersed solid surfaces including surfaces covered by adsorbed liquid layers. This densly packed single layer can transport the entire array of nuclei at speeds in excess of 60 m/s. The energy carried by the helium is the energy of evaporation, about 12 K (Boltzmann units) on metal substrates. Assuming the monolayer to have rectangular symmetry with 0.30 manometer spacing between helium atoms, the spatial frequency of the array is 2.1 x 10{sup 10} m{sup -1}, and the wave velocity is 75 m/s. The atoms are formed into a giant molecule by van der Waals forces, with bonding energies about 0.0007 eV. Separately, the nuclei must be coupled by exchange symmetry, coherently transporting matter, energy, and charge. Parallel planes of oxygen in some superconductors way do the same.
- OSTI ID:
- 281590
- Report Number(s):
- CONF-9305421-; ISSN 0003-0503; TRN: 96:019520
- Journal Information:
- Bulletin of the American Physical Society, Vol. 38, Issue 3; Conference: 1993 American Physical Society annual meeting on atomic, molecular, and topical physics, Reno, NV (United States), 16-19 May 1993; Other Information: PBD: May 1993
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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