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Black-Starting Microgrids Using Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources

Conference ·
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Recent trends in power systems show increasing deployment of inverter-based distributed energy resources (DERs) at the distribution level. Efforts have also been made to use inverter-based DERs for system restoration of critical sections of distribution feeders. In the past few years, there has been active consideration of using local grid-forming (GFM) DERs, which can form their own voltage and frequency, to black-start microgrids instead of waiting for the bulk system for supply restoration. However, using current-limited inverter-based DERs for black-start operations with high inrush currents can pose some technical challenges. This paper presents detailed electromagnetic transient studies on a digital real-time simulator to assess the operational feasibility of using local inverter-based GFM DERs for microgrid black-start operations as a bottom-up approach instead of a top-down approach where the substation is used to restore critical sections of the feeder. The paper presents key modeling details for distribution system components for studying GFM DER-based microgrid black-start operations. The paper presents simulation results comparing different black-start approaches using GFM DERs for two test systems: i) a simple test microgrid and ii) a real-world utility microgrid currently being designed and deployed by Holy Cross Energy in Colorado.
Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)
DOE Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308;
OSTI ID:
2558946
Report Number(s):
NREL/CP-5D00-90694; MainId:92472; UUID:2d900a0a-8495-4007-a8b2-7f134a824606; MainAdminId:76585
Conference Information:
Presented at the 2024 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 20-24 October 2024, Phoenix, Arizona
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (11)

Inverter Controls For Smooth Transition Operation And Voltage Balancing Of Networked Microgrids conference October 2023
Black Start Process Simulation of Isolated Power Grid Based on PSASP conference October 2020
An LQR-based Robust Voltage Controller for Grid Forming Inverters during Blackstart conference December 2021
Blackstart of Unbalanced Microgrids Using Grid-Forming Inverter with Voltage Balancing Capability conference April 2022
Autonomous Voltage Unbalance Compensation in an Islanded Droop-Controlled Microgrid journal April 2013
Resilient Inverter-Driven Black Start with Collective Parallel Grid-Forming Operation conference January 2023
The Research on Black Start Strategy of Distributed Photovoltaic-Battery Energy Storage Systems Based on Cluster Division conference November 2020
Microgrid black-start after natural disaster with load restoration using spanning tree search conference July 2016
Blackstart of Power Grids with Inverter-Based Resources conference August 2020
An Analytical Procedure to Evaluate Optimal Restoration Path with Multiple Blackstart Units Including Inverter Based Resources conference July 2021
Optimal Power System Black start using Inverter-Based Generation conference July 2021

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Related Subjects

black start
bottom-up
distributed energy resources
grid-forming inverters
inrush current
microgrids
POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
restoration
soft start
top-down