Effects of Temperature Fluctuations on Surface Mobility of Atomic Steps and Oxidation Dynamics in High-Temperature Alloys

Patel, Shyam Bharatkumar; Li, Chaoran; Al-Mahboob, Abdullah; Sadowski, Jerzy T.; Zhou, Guangwen

doi:10.1021/jacs.4c12155

Effects of Temperature Fluctuations on Surface Mobility of Atomic Steps and Oxidation Dynamics in High-Temperature Alloys

Journal Article · Fri Jan 03 00:00:00 EST 2025 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c12155· OSTI ID:2500251

Patel, Shyam Bharatkumar ^[1]; Li, Chaoran ^[1]; Al-Mahboob, Abdullah ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[1]

State University of New York at Binghamton, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

In contrast to the traditional perspective that thermal fluctuations are insignificant in surface dynamics, here we report their influence on surface reaction dynamics. Using real-time low-energy electron microscopy imaging of NiAl(100) under both vacuum and O₂ atmospheres, we demonstrate that transient temperature variations substantially alter the direction of atom diffusion between the surface and bulk, leading to markedly different oxidation outcomes. During heating, substantial outward diffusion of atoms from the bulk to the surface results in step growth. Conversely, cooling induces considerable inward diffusion of adatoms, producing a distinct oxide morphology. In both scenarios, initially formed oxide islands impede local atomic step mobility, thereby increasing step length due to mass transfer between the surface and bulk, with atomic steps acting as adatom sinks during heating and sources during cooling. Furthermore, we show that this pinning effect on atomic step mobility can be mitigated by applying persistent temperature fluctuations. Here, understanding these nuances is vital for accurately predicting and dynamically manipulating the performance of active materials in various chemical processes under transient thermal conditions.

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This content will become publicly available on Sat Jan 03 00:00:00 EST 2026

Research Organization:: Binghamton Univ., NY (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0001135; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 2500251

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2503924

Report Number(s):: BNL-226493-2025-JAAM

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 147, Issue 2; ISSN 0002-7863

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Effects of Temperature Fluctuations on Surface Mobility of Atomic Steps and Oxidation Dynamics in High-Temperature Alloys

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