Development of rigidity-controlled terpolymer donors for high-performance and mechanically robust organic solar cells

Kim, Jinseck; Kim, Geon-U; Kim, Dong Jun; Lee, Seungjin; Jeong, Dahyun; Seo, Soodeok; Ko, Seo-Jin; Yoon, Sung Cheol; Kim, Taek-Soo; Kim, Bumjoon J.

doi:10.1039/d2ta09990j

Development of rigidity-controlled terpolymer donors for high-performance and mechanically robust organic solar cells

Journal Article · 31 December 2022 · Journal of Materials Chemistry. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d2ta09990j· OSTI ID:2422669

Kim, Jinseck ^[1]; Kim, Geon-U ^[1]; Kim, Dong Jun ^[2]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Seo, Soodeok ^[1]; ^[3]; ^[3]; ^[2]; ^[1]

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea

The electro-active third component (BID)-incorporated PM6-B10-based organic solar cell shows a high performance (PCE = 17.2%) and mechanical stretchability (COS_avg= 11.4%), outperforming the PM6-based device (PCE = 15.8%, COS_avg= 2.0%).

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

DOE Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2422669

Journal Information:: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A, Journal Name: Journal of Materials Chemistry. A Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 11; ISSN JMCAET; ISSN 2050-7488

Publisher:: Royal Society of Chemistry

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (73)

Intrinsically‐Stretchable, Efficient Organic Solar Cells Achieved by High‐Molecular‐Weight, Electro‐Active Polymer Acceptor Additives Lee, Jin‐Woo; Kim, Geon‐U; Kim, Dong Jun Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202200887	journal	June 2022
Mechanical Properties of a Library of Low-Band-Gap Polymers Roth, Bérenger; Savagatrup, Suchol; V. de los Santos, Nathaniel Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00525	journal	March 2016
Competition between deformability and charge transport in semiconducting polymers for flexible and stretchable electronics Printz, Adam D.; Lipomi, Darren J. Applied Physics Reviews, Vol. 3, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4947428	journal	June 2016
Polymer Donors with Temperature-Insensitive, Strong Aggregation Properties Enabling Additive-Free, Processing Temperature-Tolerant High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells Seo, Soodeok; Kim, Jinseck; Kang, Hyunbum Macromolecules, Vol. 54, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02496	journal	December 2020
Recent advances in PM6:Y6-based organic solar cells Guo, Qing; Guo, Qiang; Geng, Yanfang Materials Chemistry Frontiers, Vol. 5, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1QM00060H	journal	January 2021
Sequentially regular polymer acceptors featuring flexible spacers for high-performance and mechanically robust all-polymer solar cells Lee, Jin-Woo; Sun, Cheng; Lee, Sun-Woo Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 15, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EE02523J	journal	January 2022
An Intrinsically Stretchable High‐Performance Polymer Semiconductor with Low Crystallinity Zheng, Yu; Wang, Ging‐Ji Nathan; Kang, Jiheong Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201905340	journal	September 2019
Benzodithiophenedione-based polymers: recent advances in organic photovoltaics Zheng, Bing; Huo, Lijun; Li, Yongfang NPG Asia Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41427-019-0163-5	journal	January 2020
Effect of self-organization in polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunctions on solar cell performance Shrotriya, Vishal; Yao, Yan; Li, Gang Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 89, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2335377	journal	August 2006
A 2,5-difluoro benzene-based low cost and efficient polymer donor for non-fullerene solar cells Kini, Gururaj P.; Park, Hee Seon; Jeon, Sung Jae Solar Energy, Vol. 207 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.06.090	journal	September 2020
Achieving high efficiency and well-kept ductility in ternary all-polymer organic photovoltaic blends thanks to two well miscible donors Ma, Ruijie; Zhou, Kangkang; Sun, Yanna Matter, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2021.12.002	journal	February 2022
Beyond Stretchability: Strength, Toughness, and Elastic Range in Semiconducting Polymers Chen, Alexander X.; Kleinschmidt, Andrew T.; Choudhary, Kartik Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c03019	journal	August 2020
Intrinsically Stretchable and Non‐Halogenated Solvent Processed Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by Hydrophilic Spacer‐Incorporated Polymers Lee, Jin‐Woo; Lim, Chulhee; Lee, Sun‐Woo Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202202224	journal	September 2022
A Large-Bandgap Conjugated Polymer for Versatile Photovoltaic Applications with High Performance Zhang, Maojie; Guo, Xia; Ma, Wei Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201502110	journal	July 2015
A general relationship between disorder, aggregation and charge transport in conjugated polymers Noriega, Rodrigo; Rivnay, Jonathan; Vandewal, Koen Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3722	journal	August 2013
A design strategy for high mobility stretchable polymer semiconductors Mun, Jaewan; Ochiai, Yuto; Wang, Weichen Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23798-2	journal	June 2021
Quantifying Bimolecular Recombination Losses in Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Koster, L. Jan Anton; Kemerink, Martijn; Wienk, Martijn M. Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201004311	journal	February 2011
Design of Donor Polymers with Strong Temperature-Dependent Aggregation Property for Efficient Organic Photovoltaics Hu, Huawei; Chow, Philip C. Y.; Zhang, Guangye Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 50, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00293	journal	September 2017
Elucidating the Influence of Side-Chain Circular Distribution on the Crack Onset Strain and Hole Mobility of Near-Amorphous Indacenodithiophene Copolymers Sommerville, Parker J. W.; Li, Yilin; Dong, Ban Xuan Macromolecules, Vol. 53, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00512	journal	August 2020
Origin of the Open Circuit Voltage of Plastic Solar Cells Brabec, C. J.; Cravino, A.; Meissner, D. Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/1616-3028(200110)11:5<374::AID-ADFM374>3.0.CO;2-W	journal	October 2001
Random copolymerization strategy for non-halogenated solvent-processed all-polymer solar cells with a high efficiency of over 17% Zhang, Jiabin; Huang, Qiri; Zhang, Kai Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 15, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/D2EE01996E	journal	January 2022
Taming Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties of Conjugated Polymers with Linear Siloxane Side Chains Zhao, Fengsheng; Yuan, Ye; Ding, Yafei Macromolecules, Vol. 54, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00441	journal	June 2021
Low Elastic Modulus and High Charge Mobility of Low-Crystallinity Indacenodithiophene-Based Semiconducting Polymers for Potential Applications in Stretchable Electronics Li, Yilin; Tatum, Wesley K.; Onorato, Jonathan W. Macromolecules, Vol. 51, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00898	journal	August 2018
Eco‐Compatible Solvent‐Processed Organic Photovoltaic Cells with Over 16% Efficiency Hong, Ling; Yao, Huifeng; Wu, Ziang Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201903441	journal	August 2019
Recent Progress in Flexible and Stretchable Organic Solar Cells Qin, Jianqiang; Lan, Linkai; Chen, Shanshan Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202002529	journal	July 2020
Intrinsically stretchable and healable semiconducting polymer for organic transistors Oh, Jin Young; Rondeau-Gagné, Simon; Chiu, Yu-Cheng Nature, Vol. 539, Issue 7629 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature20102	journal	November 2016
Polythiophenes for organic solar cells with efficiency surpassing 17% Yuan, Xiyue; Zhao, Yunli; Xie, Dongsheng Joule, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2022.02.006	journal	March 2022
High Mobility Preservation of Near Amorphous Conjugated Polymers in the Stretched States Enabled by Biaxially-Extended Conjugated Side-Chain Design Huang, Yen-Wen; Lin, Yan-Cheng; Yen, Hao-Chi Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02258	journal	August 2020
Naphthobisthiadiazole-Based π-Conjugated Polymers for Nonfullerene Solar Cells: Suppressing Intermolecular Interaction Improves Photovoltaic Performance Chou, Li-Hui; Mikie, Tsubasa; Saito, Masahiko ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c01606	journal	March 2022
Importance of Optimal Crystallinity and Hole Mobility of BDT‐Based Polymer Donor for Simultaneous Enhancements of V _oc , J _sc , and FF in Efficient Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells Park, Jin Su; Kim, Geon‐U; Lee, Dongchan Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 51 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202005787	journal	September 2020
Unraveling the Correlations between Mechanical Properties, Miscibility, and Film Microstructure in All‐Polymer Photovoltaic Cells Zhou, Kangkang; Xian, Kaihu; Qi, Qingchun Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202201781	journal	May 2022
Rational Mutual Interactions in Ternary Systems Enable High‐Performance Organic Solar Cells Jiang, Huanxiang; Han, Chenyu; Li, Yonghai Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202007088	journal	October 2020
Realization of high performance for PM6:Y6 based organic photovoltaic cells Yu, Runnan; Wu, Guangzheng; Tan, Zhan'ao Journal of Energy Chemistry, Vol. 61 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jechem.2021.01.027	journal	October 2021
Optimized vertical phase separation via systematic Y6 inner side-chain modulation for non-halogen solvent processed inverted organic solar cells Abbas, Zaheer; Ryu, Seung Un; Haris, Muhammad Nano Energy, Vol. 101 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107574	journal	October 2022
Contact angles and adhesive bonding Comyn, J. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/0143-7496(92)90045-W	journal	July 1992
Charge Injection Engineering of Ambipolar Field-Effect Transistors for High-Performance Organic Complementary Circuits Baeg, Kang-Jun; Kim, Juhwan; Khim, Dongyoon ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/am200705j	journal	June 2011
Cathode engineering with perylene-diimide interlayer enabling over 17% efficiency single-junction organic solar cells Yao, Jia; Qiu, Beibei; Zhang, Zhi-Guo Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16509-w	journal	June 2020
Quantitative relations between interaction parameter, miscibility and function in organic solar cells Ye, Long; Hu, Huawei; Ghasemi, Masoud Nature Materials, Vol. 17, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-017-0005-1	journal	February 2018
Over 18% ternary polymer solar cells enabled by a terpolymer as the third component Peng, Wenhong; Lin, Yuanbao; Jeong, Sang Young Nano Energy, Vol. 92 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106681	journal	February 2022
Influence of Acceptor Side-Chain Length and Conjugation-Break Spacer Content on the Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Semi-Random Polymers Melenbrink, Elizabeth L.; Hilby, Kristan M.; Choudhary, Kartik ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00115	journal	April 2019
An indacenodithiophene-based semiconducting polymer with high ductility for stretchable organic electronics Li, Yilin; Tatum, Wesley K.; Onorato, Jonathan W. Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 8, Issue 34 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7PY00435D	journal	January 2017
Comparative Study of the Mechanical Properties of All-Polymer and Fullerene–Polymer Solar Cells: The Importance of Polymer Acceptors for High Fracture Resistance Kim, Wansun; Choi, Joonhyeong; Kim, Jae-Han Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00172	journal	March 2018
Importance of 2D Conjugated Side Chains of Benzodithiophene-Based Polymers in Controlling Polymer Packing, Interfacial Ordering, and Composition Variations of All-Polymer Solar Cells Lee, Changyeon; Giridhar, Thota; Choi, Joonhyeong Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b03495	journal	October 2017
Influence of backbone modification of difluoroquinoxaline-based copolymers on the interchain packing, blend morphology and photovoltaic properties of nonfullerene organic solar cells Li, Yuxiang; Kim, Minseok; Wu, Ziang Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 7, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TC06206D	journal	January 2019
Flexible-spacer incorporated polymer donors enable superior blend miscibility for high-performance and mechanically-robust polymer solar cells Lee, Jin-Woo; Jeong, Dahyun; Kim, Dong Jun Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 14, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE01062J	journal	January 2021
Optimizing Morphology to Trade Off Charge Transport and Mechanical Properties of Stretchable Conjugated Polymer Films Ding, Zicheng; Liu, Dongle; Zhao, Kui Macromolecules, Vol. 54, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00268	journal	April 2021
Efficient, Thermally Stable, and Mechanically Robust All‐Polymer Solar Cells Consisting of the Same Benzodithiophene Unit‐Based Polymer Acceptor and Donor with High Molecular Compatibility Lee, Jin‐Woo; Sun, Cheng; Ma, Boo Soo Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003367	journal	December 2020
High‐Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics using Eutectic Acceptor Fibrils to Achieve Current Amplification Zhang, Ming; Zhu, Lei; Hao, Tianyu Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202007177	journal	March 2021
Influence of amide-containing side chains on the mechanical properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based polymers Ocheje, Michael U.; Selivanova, Mariia; Zhang, Song Polymer Chemistry, Vol. 9, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8PY01207E	journal	January 2018
Tuning the Mechanical and Electric Properties of Conjugated Polymer Semiconductors: Side‐Chain Design Based on Asymmetric Benzodithiophene Building Blocks Liu, Deyu; Lei, Yusheng; Ji, Xiaozhou Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 32, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202203527	journal	August 2022
The influence of molecular orientation on organic bulk heterojunction solar cells Tumbleston, John R.; Collins, Brian A.; Yang, Liqiang Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2014.55	journal	April 2014
Quantitative Determination of Organic Semiconductor Microstructure from the Molecular to Device Scale Rivnay, Jonathan; Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B.; Miller, Chad E. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3001109	journal	June 2012
Influence of Systematic Incorporation of Conjugation-Break Spacers into Semi-Random Polymers on Mechanical and Electronic Properties Melenbrink, Elizabeth L.; Hilby, Kristan M.; Alkhadra, Mohammad A. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 10, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b10608	journal	September 2018
Origin of the dark-current ideality factor in polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells Wetzelaer, G. A. H.; Kuik, M.; Lenes, M. Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 99, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3651752	journal	October 2011
Achieving Over 15% Efficiency in Organic Photovoltaic Cells via Copolymer Design Cui, Yong; Yao, Huifeng; Hong, Ling Advanced Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201808356	journal	February 2019
Material Design and Device Fabrication Strategies for Stretchable Organic Solar Cells Park, Jin Su; Kim, Geon‐U; Lee, Seungjin Advanced Materials, Vol. 34, Issue 31 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202201623	journal	June 2022
A Design Strategy for Intrinsically Stretchable High-Performance Polymer Semiconductors: Incorporating Conjugated Rigid Fused-Rings with Bulky Side Groups Liu, Deyu; Mun, Jaewan; Chen, Gan Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 143, Issue 30 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.1c04984	journal	July 2021
Tensile testing of ultra-thin films on water surface Kim, Jae-Han; Nizami, Adeel; Hwangbo, Yun Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms3520	journal	October 2013
Pushing the Limits of Flexibility and Stretchability of Solar Cells: A Review Dauzon, Emilie; Sallenave, Xavier; Plesse, Cedric Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202101469	journal	July 2021
Calculation of interfacial tension in polymer systems Wu, Souheng Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia, Vol. 34, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/polc.5070340105	journal	January 1971
Modulation of Morphological, Mechanical, and Photovoltaic Properties of Ternary Organic Photovoltaic Blends for Optimum Operation Peng, Zhongxiang; Jiang, Kui; Qin, Yunpeng Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202003506	journal	January 2021
Overlapping fasten packing enables efficient dual-donor ternary organic solar cells with super stretchability Wang, Jianxiao; Han, Chenyu; Bi, Fuzhen Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 14, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EE02320A	journal	January 2021
Polymer Acceptors with Flexible Spacers Afford Efficient and Mechanically Robust All‐Polymer Solar Cells Genene, Zewdneh; Lee, Jin‐Woo; Lee, Sun‐Woo Advanced Materials, Vol. 34, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202107361	journal	December 2021
Efficient and thermally stable organic solar cells based on small molecule donor and polymer acceptor Zhang, Zijian; Miao, Junhui; Ding, Zicheng Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10984-6	journal	July 2019
Random terpolymer based on thiophene-thiazolothiazole unit enabling efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells Wu, Jingnan; Li, Guangwei; Fang, Jin Nature Communications, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18378-9	journal	September 2020
Morphological/nanostructural control toward intrinsically stretchable organic electronics Ma, Rujun; Chou, Shu-Yu; Xie, Yu Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 48, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00834E	journal	January 2019
Investigation of the Mobility–Stretchability Properties of Naphthalenediimide-Based Conjugated Random Terpolymers with a Functionalized Conjugation Break Spacer Lin, Yan-Cheng; Matsuda, Megumi; Chen, Chun-Kai Macromolecules, Vol. 54, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00534	journal	August 2021
Effect of Broken Conjugation on the Stretchability of Semiconducting Polymers Savagatrup, Suchol; Zhao, Xikang; Chan, Esther Macromolecular Rapid Communications, Vol. 37, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1002/marc.201600377	journal	August 2016
Ester-functionalized, wide-bandgap derivatives of PM7 for simultaneous enhancement of photovoltaic performance and mechanical robustness of all-polymer solar cells You, Hoseon; Jones, Austin L.; Ma, Boo Soo Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA11320D	journal	January 2021
Over 19% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells by Regulating Multidimensional Intermolecular Interactions Han, Chenyu; Wang, Jianxiao; Zhang, Shuai Advanced Materials, Vol. 35, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202208986	journal	January 2023
Trap-limited hole mobility in semiconducting poly(3-hexylthiophene) Chiguvare, Z.; Dyakonov, V. Physical Review B, Vol. 70, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.70.235207	journal	December 2004
Importance of Domain Purity and Molecular Packing in Efficient Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Solar Cells Mukherjee, Subhrangsu; Proctor, Christopher M.; Tumbleston, John R. Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201404388	journal	December 2014
Engineering semiconducting polymers for efficient charge transport Himmelberger, Scott; Salleo, Alberto MRS Communications, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrc.2015.44	journal	June 2015

Similar Records

Design of Star‐Shaped Trimer Acceptors for High‐Performance (Efficiency > 19%), Photostable, and Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells

Journal Article · 2024 · Advanced Energy Materials · OSTI ID:2580549

Sequentially regular polymer acceptors featuring flexible spacers for high-performance and mechanically robust all-polymer solar cells

Journal Article · 2022 · Energy & Environmental Science · OSTI ID:1994314

Polythiophene-based terpolymers with modulated aggregation behaviors for high-performance organic solar cells with 16.6% efficiency

Journal Article · 2023 · Nano Energy · OSTI ID:2422709

Related Subjects

Chemistry
Energy & Fuels
Materials Science

Development of rigidity-controlled terpolymer donors for high-performance and mechanically robust organic solar cells

Citation Formats

References (73)

Similar Records

Related Subjects