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Mechanics-Driven Anode Material Failure in Battery Safety and Capacity Deterioration Issues: A Review

Journal Article · · Applied Mechanics Reviews
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054566· OSTI ID:2418751
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Abstract

High-capacity anodes, such as Si, have attracted tremendous research interest over the last two decades because of the requirement for the high energy density of next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The mechanical integrity and stability of such materials during cycling are critical because their volume considerably changes. The volume changes/deformation result in mechanical stresses, which lead to mechanical failures, including cracks, fragmentation, and debonding. These phenomena accelerate capacity fading during electrochemical cycling and thus limit the application of high-capacity anodes. Experimental studies have been performed to characterize the deformation and failure behavior of these high-capacity materials directly, providing fundamental insights into the degradation processes. Modeling works have focused on elucidating the underlying mechanisms and providing design tools for next-generation battery design. This review presents an overview of the fundamental understanding and theoretical analysis of the electrochemical degradation and safety issues of LIBs where mechanics dominates. We first introduce the stress generation and failure behavior of high-capacity anodes from the experimental and computational aspects, respectively. Then, we summarize and discuss the strategies of stress mitigation and failure suppression. Finally, we conclude the significant points and outlook critical bottlenecks in further developing and spreading high-capacity materials of LIBs.

Research Organization:
Western Michigan Univ., Kalamazoo MI (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE)
DOE Contract Number:
EE0009111
OSTI ID:
2418751
Journal Information:
Applied Mechanics Reviews, Journal Name: Applied Mechanics Reviews Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 74; ISSN 0003-6900
Publisher:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Mechanisms of dendritic growth investigated by in situ light microscopy during electrodeposition and dissolution of lithium journal September 2014
In situ TEM electrochemistry of anode materials in lithium ion batteries journal January 2011
In Situ Raman Study of Graphite Negative-Electrodes in Electrolyte Solution Containing Fluorinated Phosphoric Esters journal January 2014
Simulated impedance of diffusion in porous media journal October 2017
Simplification of physics-based electrochemical model for lithium ion battery on electric vehicle. Part I: Diffusion simplification and single particle model journal March 2015
A chemo-mechanical model of lithiation in silicon journal October 2014
Microstructural evolution induced by micro-cracking during fast lithiation of single-crystalline silicon journal November 2014
Carbon-based core–shell nanostructured materials for electrochemical energy storage journal January 2018
In Situ Observation of the Electrochemical Lithiation of a Single SnO2 Nanowire Electrode journal December 2010
Exploiting oleic acid to prepare two-dimensional assembly of Si@graphitic carbon yolk-shell nanoparticles for lithium-ion battery anodes journal December 2018
Single-Particle Model for a Lithium-Ion Cell: Thermal Behavior journal January 2011
In Situ Raman Study on Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as a Function of Lithium Insertion journal May 2006
In Situ Observation and Long-Term Reactivity of Si/C/CMC Composites Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries journal January 2011
Microstructural Characterization of Lithiated Graphite journal June 1996
Structural Analysis of Sucrose-Derived Hard Carbon and Correlation with the Electrochemical Properties for Lithium, Sodium, and Potassium Insertion journal March 2020
Mechano-Electrochemical Interaction Gives Rise to Strain Relaxation in Sn Electrodes journal January 2016
Stress Relief Principle of Micron‐Sized Anodes with Large Volume Variation for Practical High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries journal August 2020
Real-Time Measurement of Stress and Damage Evolution during Initial Lithiation of Crystalline Silicon journal July 2011
Mechanically and Chemically Robust Sandwich-Structured C@Si@C Nanotube Array Li-Ion Battery Anodes journal January 2015
Resolving the Discrepancy in Tortuosity Factor Estimation for Li-Ion Battery Electrodes through Micro-Macro Modeling and Experiment journal January 2018
Carbon materials for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries journal February 1999
Diffusion-induced stresses in a hollow cylinder: journal April 2000
Fracture and debonding in lithium-ion batteries with electrodes of hollow core–shell nanostructures journal November 2012
In Situ AFM Imaging of Solid Electrolyte Interfaces on HOPG with Ethylene Carbonate and Fluoroethylene Carbonate-Based Electrolytes journal November 2015
Multiphysics Coupling in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Reconstructed Porous Microstructures journal February 2018
In Situ X-ray Diffraction Studies of (De)lithiation Mechanism in Silicon Nanowire Anodes journal May 2012
Electrochemical stability of silicon/carbon composite anode for lithium ion batteries journal April 2007
Elasticity and Size Effects on the Electrochemical Response of a Graphite, Li-Ion Battery Electrode Particle journal December 2015
Design of porous Si/C–graphite electrodes with long cycle stability and controlled swelling journal January 2017
Stress development due to surface processes in graphite electrodes for Li-ion batteries: A first report journal April 2012
A battery model that fully couples mechanics and electrochemistry at both particle and electrode levels by incorporation of particle interaction journal August 2017
A Phase-Field Model Coupled with Large Elasto-Plastic Deformation: Application to Lithiated Silicon Electrodes journal January 2014
Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries journal November 2001
In situ optical observations and simulations on defect induced failure of silicon island anodes journal November 2018
Single Nanowire Electrode Electrochemistry of Silicon Anode by in Situ Atomic Force Microscopy: Solid Electrolyte Interphase Growth and Mechanical Properties journal October 2014
Lithium-Assisted Plastic Deformation of Silicon Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: A First-Principles Theoretical Study journal July 2011

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