Observation of subcritical shocks in a collisional laboratory plasma: scale dependence near the resistive length

Russell, D. R.; Burdiak, G. C.; Carroll-Nellenback, J. J.; Halliday, J. W. D.; Hare, J. D.; Merlini, S.; Suttle, L. G.; Valenzuela-Villaseca, V.; Eardley, S. J.; Fullalove, J. A.; Rowland, G. C.; Smith, R. A.; Frank, A.; Hartigan, P.; Velikovich, A. L.; Chittenden, J. P.; Lebedev, S. V.

doi:10.1017/s0022377823000740

Observation of subcritical shocks in a collisional laboratory plasma: scale dependence near the resistive length

Journal Article · 01 August 2023 · Journal of Plasma Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022377823000740· OSTI ID:2417894

^[1]; Burdiak, G. C.; ; ; ; ; ; ; Eardley, S. J.; Fullalove, J. A.; Rowland, G. C.; ; Frank, A.; ; ; ;

OSTI

We present a study of subcritical shocks in a highly collisional laboratory plasma with a dynamically significant magnetic field. Shocks were produced by placing cylindrical obstacles into the supermagnetosonic ($$M_{{\rm MS}} \sim 1.9$$) outflow from an inverse wire array z-pinch at the MAGPIE pulsed power facility ($$n_{e} \sim 8.5 \times 10^{17}\,{\rm cm}^{-3}$$,$$v \sim 45\,{\rm km}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$$). We demonstrate the existence of subcritical shocks in this regime and find that secondary stagnation shocks form in the downstream which we infer from interferometry and optical Thomson scattering measurements are hydrodynamic in nature. The subcritical shock width is found to be approximately equal to the resistive diffusion length and we demonstrate the absence of a jump in hydrodynamic parameters. Temperature measurements by collective optical Thomson scattering showed little temperature change across the subcritical shock ($${<}10\,\%$$of the ion kinetic energy) which is consistent with a balance between adiabatic and Ohmic heating and radiative cooling. We demonstrate the absence of subcritical shocks when the obstacle diameter is less than the resistive diffusion length due to decoupling of the magnetic field from the plasma. These findings are supported by magnetohydrodynamic simulations using the Gorgon and AstroBEAR codes and discrepancies between the simulations and experiment are discussed.

Research Organization:: Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY (United States); Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

DOE Contract Number:: NA0003764; SC0020434

OSTI ID:: 2417894

Journal Information:: Journal of Plasma Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Plasma Physics Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 89; ISSN 0022-3778

Publisher:: Cambridge University Press

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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