skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: A common origin for globular clusters and ultra-faint dwarfs in simulations of the first galaxies

Journal Article · · Astrophysical Journal
;  [1]
  1. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740 (United States)

In this paper, the first in a series on galaxy formation before reionization, we focus on understanding what determines the size and morphology of stellar objects in the first low-mass galaxies, using parsec-scale cosmological simulations performed with an adaptive mesh hydrodynamics code. Although the dense gas in which stars are formed tends to have a disk structure, stars are found in spheroids with little rotation. Halos with masses between 10{sup 6} M{sub ⊙} and 5×10{sup 8} M{sub ⊙} form stars stochastically, with stellar masses in the range 10{sup 4} M{sub ⊙} to 2×10{sup 6} M{sub ⊙}. We observe, nearly independent of stellar mass, a large range of half-light radii for the stars, from a few parsecs to a few hundred parsecs and surface brightnesses and mass-to-light ratios ranging from those typical of globular clusters to ultra-faint dwarfs. In our simulations, stars form in dense stellar clusters with high gas-to-star conversion efficiencies and rather uniform metallicities. A fraction of these clusters remain bound after the gas is removed by feedback, but others are destroyed, and their stars, which typically have velocity dispersions of 20–40 km s{sup −1}, expand until they become bound by the dark matter halo. We thus speculate that the stars in ultra-faint dwarf galaxies may show kinematic and chemical signatures consistent with their origin in a few distinct stellar clusters. On the other hand, some globular clusters may form at the center of primordial dwarf galaxies and may contain dark matter, perhaps detectable in the outer parts.

OSTI ID:
22868474
Journal Information:
Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 831, Issue 2; Other Information: Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0004-637X
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

Cited By (37)

Embedding globular clusters in dark matter minihaloes solves the cusp–core and timing problems in the Fornax dwarf galaxy journal January 2020
Formation of globular cluster candidates in merging proto-galaxies at high redshift: a view from the FIRE cosmological simulations journal November 2017
The E-MOSAICS project: simulating the formation and co-evolution of galaxies and their star cluster populations journal December 2017
Paving the way for the JWST: witnessing globular cluster formation at z > 3 journal February 2017
Gas clump formation via thermal instability in high-redshift dwarf galaxy mergers journal January 2018
Snake in the Clouds: a new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge* journal July 2018
Globular clusters formed within dark haloes I: present-day abundance, distribution, and kinematics journal October 2018
Massive star cluster formation under the microscope at z  = 6 journal December 2018
Tidal stripping and the structure of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group journal February 2018
The evolution of the UV luminosity function of globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations journal June 2019
Ghostly haloes in dwarf galaxies: constraints on the star formation efficiency before reionization journal July 2019
Radiative properties of the first galaxies: rapid transition between UV and infrared bright phases journal July 2019
Simulating star clusters across cosmic time – I. Initial mass function, star formation rates, and efficiencies journal August 2019
Ionizing the intergalactic medium by star clusters: the first empirical evidence journal August 2019
Stellar envelopes of globular clusters embedded in dark mini-haloes journal June 2017
Growth of First Galaxies: Impacts of Star Formation and Stellar Feedback journal August 2017
Two Thresholds for Globular Cluster Formation and the Common Occurrence of Massive Clusters in the Early Universe journal December 2018
Chemical Abundances in the Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies Grus I and Triangulum II: Neutron-capture Elements as a Defining Feature of the Faintest Dwarfs journal January 2019
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXIII. Fundamentals of Nuclear Star Clusters over Seven Decades in Galaxy Mass journal June 2019
Revealing the Complicated Story of the Cetus Stream with StarGO journal August 2019
Globular Cluster Formation from Colliding Substructure journal February 2020
Phase-space Correlation in Stellar Streams of the Milky Way Halo: The Clash of Kshir and GD-1 journal November 2019
Exploring the Outskirts of Globular Clusters: The Peculiar Kinematics of NGC 3201 journal December 2019
Growth of First Galaxies: Impacts of Star Formation and Stellar Feedback text January 2017
Stellar envelopes of globular clusters embedded in dark mini-haloes text January 2017
Tidal stripping and the structure of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group text January 2017
Gas clump formation via thermal instability in high-redshift dwarf galaxy mergers text January 2017
The E-MOSAICS Project: simulating the formation and co-evolution of galaxies and their star cluster populations text January 2017
Snake in the Clouds: A new nearby dwarf galaxy in the Magellanic bridge text January 2018
Chemical Abundances in the Ultra-Faint Dwarf Galaxies Grus I and Triangulum II: Neutron-Capture Elements as a Defining Feature of the Faintest Dwarfs text January 2018
Massive Star cluster formation under the microscope at z=6 text January 2018
Ghostly Halos in Dwarf Galaxies: Constraints on the Star Formation Efficiency before Reionization text January 2018
The Next Generation Virgo Cluster Survey. XXIII. Fundamentals of nuclear star clusters over seven decades in galaxy mass text January 2018
Simulating Star Clusters Across Cosmic Time: I. Initial Mass Function, Star Formation Rates and Efficiencies text January 2019
Ionising the Intergalactic Medium by Star Clusters: The first empirical evidence text January 2019
The evolution of the UV luminosity function of globular clusters in the E-MOSAICS simulations text January 2019
Exploring the outskirts of globular clusters: the peculiar kinematics of NGC 3201 text January 2019