Catalyzed oxidation of IG-110 nuclear graphite by simulated fission products Ag and Pd nanoparticles

Jiang, Junhua; Stempien, John; Wu, Yaqiao

doi:10.1016/j.nme.2023.101438

Catalyzed oxidation of IG-110 nuclear graphite by simulated fission products Ag and Pd nanoparticles

Journal Article · Tue May 16 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Nuclear Materials and Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nme.2023.101438· OSTI ID:2283530

Jiang, Junhua ^[1]; Stempien, John ^[2]; Wu, Yaqiao ^[3]

Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), Aiken, SC (United States)
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Boise State University, Boise, ID (United States)

To evaluate the stability of nuclear materials in high temperature gas reactors under air ingress conditions, catalytic oxidation of IG-110 graphite by two simulated fission products, metallic Pd and Ag, was studied in oxidative atmosphere and at temperatures up to 1000°C using an integrated furnace, mass spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy system. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies show that Pd and Ag nanoparticles were successfully introduced onto powdery IG-110 graphite through an impregnation and subsequent heat-treatment process. The combined mass spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy methods allow simultaneous analysis of two gaseous products, CO and CO₂, and separate measurements of activation energy for their formation reactions. It was found that the introduction of Pd or Ag to IG-110 graphite substantially catalyzed the oxidation of graphite, characteristic of decreased onset temperatures for the oxidation of graphite. Moreover, the catalytic effects by Pd and Ag are considerably different based on measured concentration ratios of CO₂ to CO as a function of oxidation temperatures. Ag makes the graphite oxidation commence at approximately 400°C with CO₂ being the dominant product. In contrast, Pd significantly increases the concentration ratio of CO₂ to CO at temperatures higher than approximately 690°C, although it decreases the onset temperature for the oxidation reaction to around 525°C. To understand the catalytic difference, the mechanism of the graphite oxidation was discussed based on the changes of surface oxygen species on Ag and Pd.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC07-05ID14517

OSTI ID:: 2283530

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU-22-68813-Rev.000; TRN: US2408832

Journal Information:: Nuclear Materials and Energy, Vol. 35; ISSN 2352-1791

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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