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Improving Frequency Stability and Minimizing Load Shedding Events by Adopting Grid-Scale Energy Storage with Grid Forming Inverters

Conference ·
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The upward adoption trend of renewable generation not only means cleaner energy integrated into modern power grids, but also that most new generation sources are based on front-end inverter bridges, used as interfaces to most wind generation and all the solar PV. It is well known that due to their power electronics-based construction rather than rotational shafts, these sources do not provide inertia inherently, nor substantial amounts of short-circuit currents. However, stable energy such as what can be stored in energy storage systems, although interfaced via inverters, can be controlled to respond to system disturbances in a manner that emulates inertial behavior. This paper focuses on the application of such energy storage systems to augment inertia in the island of Puerto Rico. To do so, a user defined inverter model that contains grid forming capabilities and fast frequency response is modeled and integrated into the real transmission system in power flow and dynamics software. Energy storage is then connected to two selected areas so that it not only provides frequency regulation to avoid widespread load shedding events, but also other tangible benefits. The simulated cases suggest that even relatively small energy storage systems can avert load shedding events if adequately placed in the transmission network.
Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
DOE Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308;
OSTI ID:
2281816
Report Number(s):
NREL/CP-5C00-88570; MainId:89349; UUID:96aef259-99ce-4375-b8dd-1093a7567dab; MainAdminID:71564
Conference Information:
Presented at the 2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT-LA), 6-9 November 2023, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (8)

Comparison of virtual oscillator and droop control conference July 2017
Planning of a Northern Isolated Microgrid conference October 2019
Lessons learned from microgrid implementation at electric utility conference February 2018
Grid-Forming Inverters: A Critical Asset for the Power Grid journal June 2020
Networked Microgrids: Exploring the Possibilities of the IIT-Bronzeville Grid journal July 2017
Virtual Synchronous Machines: A unified interface for grid integration journal December 2016
Comparison of Grid Following and Grid Forming Control for a High Inverter Penetration Power System conference August 2018
Virtual Synchronous Generator, a Comprehensive Overview journal August 2022

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grid-forming inverters
IBR
inertia
POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION