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Improving Frequency Stability and Minimizing Load Shedding Events by Adopting Grid-Scale Energy Storage with Grid Forming Inverters

Conference ·
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The upward adoption trend of renewable generation not only means cleaner energy integrated into modern power grids, but also that most new generation sources are based on front-end inverter bridges, used as interfaces to most wind generation and all the solar PV. It is well known that due to their power electronics-based construction rather than rotational shafts, these sources do not provide inertia inherently, nor substantial amounts of short-circuit currents. However, stable energy such as what can be stored in energy storage systems, although interfaced via inverters, can be controlled to respond to system disturbances in a manner that emulates inertial behavior. This paper focuses on the application of such energy storage systems to augment inertia in the island of Puerto Rico. To do so, a user defined inverter model that contains grid forming capabilities and fast frequency response is modeled and integrated into the real transmission system in power flow and dynamics software. Energy storage is then connected to two selected areas so that it not only provides frequency regulation to avoid widespread load shedding events, but also other tangible benefits. The simulated cases suggest that even relatively small energy storage systems can avert load shedding events if adequately placed in the transmission network.

Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
DOE Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
2281816
Report Number(s):
NREL/CP-5C00-88570; MainId:89349; UUID:96aef259-99ce-4375-b8dd-1093a7567dab; MainAdminID:71564
Resource Relation:
Conference: Presented at the 2023 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Latin America (ISGT-LA), 6-9 November 2023, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (8)

Networked Microgrids: Exploring the Possibilities of the IIT-Bronzeville Grid July 2017
Comparison of virtual oscillator and droop control July 2017
Grid-Forming Inverters: A Critical Asset for the Power Grid June 2020
Comparison of Grid Following and Grid Forming Control for a High Inverter Penetration Power System August 2018
Lessons learned from microgrid implementation at electric utility February 2018
Virtual Synchronous Generator, a Comprehensive Overview August 2022
Planning of a Northern Isolated Microgrid October 2019
Virtual Synchronous Machines: A unified interface for grid integration December 2016

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Related Subjects

POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
grid-forming inverters
IBR
inertia