Probing Atmospheric Aerosols by Multimodal Mass Spectrometry Techniques: Revealing Aging Characteristics of Its Individual Molecular Components

Siemens, Kyla A.; Pagonis, Demetrios; Guo, Hongyu; Schueneman, Melinda K.; Dibb, Jack E.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Jimenez, Jose L.; Laskin, Alexander

doi:10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00228

Probing Atmospheric Aerosols by Multimodal Mass Spectrometry Techniques: Revealing Aging Characteristics of Its Individual Molecular Components

Journal Article · 11 December 2023 · ACS Earth and Space Chemistry

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.3c00228· OSTI ID:2274748

^[1]; ^[2]; Guo, Hongyu ^[2]; Schueneman, Melinda K. ^[2]; Dibb, Jack E. ^[3]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[4]

Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States;Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
Earth System Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States
Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States;Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Data Center

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Contributing Organization:: PNNL, BNL, ANL, ORNL

DOE Contract Number:: SC0018948

OSTI ID:: 2274748

Journal Information:: ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Vol. 7, Issue 12; ISSN 2472-3452

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (72)

The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues Hallquist, M.; Wenger, J. C.; Baltensperger, U. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009	journal	January 2009
Recent advances in understanding secondary organic aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing: Advances in Secondary Organic Aerosol Shrivastava, Manish; Cappa, Christopher D.; Fan, Jiwen Reviews of Geophysics, Vol. 55, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016RG000540	journal	June 2017
Evolution of Organic Aerosols in the Atmosphere Jimenez, J. L.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Donahue, N. M. Science, Vol. 326, Issue 5959 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1180353	journal	December 2009
Understanding atmospheric organic aerosols via factor analysis of aerosol mass spectrometry: a review Zhang, Qi; Jimenez, Jose L.; Canagaratna, Manjula R. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 401, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5355-y	journal	October 2011
Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning – an updated assessment Andreae, Meinrat O. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8523-2019	journal	January 2019
Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review Kanakidou, M.; Seinfeld, J. H.; Pandis, S. N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005	journal	January 2005
Atmospheric Aerosols: Clouds, Chemistry, and Climate McNeill, V. Faye Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060816-101538	journal	June 2017
Aerosol–cloud–precipitation interactions. Part 1. The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols Andreae, M. O.; Rosenfeld, D. Earth-Science Reviews, Vol. 89, Issue 1-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.03.001	journal	July 2008
The Role of Organic Aerosol in Atmospheric Ice Nucleation: A Review Knopf, Daniel A.; Alpert, Peter A.; Wang, Bingbing ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.7b00120	journal	January 2018
Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosols and Their Changes by Chemical Processes Moise, Tamar; Flores, J. Michel; Rudich, Yinon Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5005259	journal	February 2015
Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon Laskin, Alexander; Laskin, Julia; Nizkorodov, Sergey A. Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5006167	journal	February 2015
Exploring the observational constraints on the simulation of brown carbon Wang, Xuan; Heald, Colette L.; Liu, Jiumeng Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-635-2018	journal	January 2018
Modeling the global radiative effect of brown carbon: a potentially larger heating source in the tropical free troposphere than black carbon Zhang, Aoxing; Wang, Yuhang; Zhang, Yuzhong Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1901-2020	journal	January 2020
Atmospheric Aerosols: Composition, Transformation, Climate and Health Effects Pöschl, Ulrich Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 44, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.200501122	journal	November 2005
Aerosol pH indicator and organosulfate detectability from aerosol mass spectrometry measurements Schueneman, Melinda K.; Nault, Benjamin A.; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 14, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-2237-2021	journal	January 2021
The importance of size ranges in aerosol instrument intercomparisons: a case study for the Atmospheric Tomography Mission Guo, Hongyu; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Nault, Benjamin A. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3631-2021	journal	May 2021
Airborne extractive electrospray mass spectrometry measurements of the chemical composition of organic aerosol Pagonis, Demetrios; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro; Guo, Hongyu Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-1545-2021	journal	February 2021
Field-Deployable, High-Resolution, Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer DeCarlo, Peter F.; Kimmel, Joel R.; Trimborn, Achim Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 78, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac061249n	journal	December 2006
Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Atmospheric Brown Carbon by High Resolution Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray and Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Lin, Peng; Fleming, Lauren T.; Nizkorodov, Sergey A. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 90, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02177	journal	October 2018
Molecular Composition and the Optical Properties of Brown Carbon Generated by the Ethane Flame West, Christopher P.; Hettiyadura, Anusha Priyadarshani Silva; Darmody, Andrew ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Vol. 4, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00095	journal	June 2020
Molecular characterization of brown carbon (BrC) chromophores in secondary organic aerosol generated from photo-oxidation of toluene Lin, Peng; Liu, Jiumeng; Shilling, John E. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 36 https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP02563J	journal	January 2015
Secondary organic aerosol from atmospheric photooxidation of indole Montoya-Aguilera, Julia; Horne, Jeremy R.; Hinks, Mallory L. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 17, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-11605-2017	journal	January 2017
Molecular Characterization of Brown Carbon in Biomass Burning Aerosol Particles Lin, Peng; Aiona, Paige K.; Li, Ying Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b03024	journal	October 2016
Formation of Secondary Brown Carbon in Biomass Burning Aerosol Proxies through NO ₃ Radical Reactions Li, Chunlin; He, Quanfu; Hettiyadura, Anusha Priyadarshani Silva Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 54, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05641	journal	November 2019
Molecular composition and photochemical lifetimes of brown carbon chromophores in biomass burning organic aerosol Fleming, Lauren T.; Lin, Peng; Roberts, James M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1105-2020	journal	January 2020
Chemical Composition and Molecular-Specific Optical Properties of Atmospheric Brown Carbon Associated with Biomass Burning Hettiyadura, Anusha Priyadarshani Silva; Garcia, Valeria; Li, Chunlin Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 55, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c05883	journal	January 2021
Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX‐AQ) Warneke, Carsten; Schwarz, Joshua P.; Dibb, Jack Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037758	journal	December 2022
Chemical and microphysical characterization of ambient aerosols with the aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer Canagaratna, M. R.; Jayne, J. T.; Jimenez, J. L. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, Vol. 26, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/mas.20115	journal	January 2007
An extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF) for online measurement of atmospheric aerosol particles Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D.; Pospisilova, Veronika; Huang, Wei Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4867-2019	journal	January 2019
Extractive electrospray ionization for direct analysis of undiluted urine, milk and other complex mixtures without sample preparation Chen, Huanwen; Venter, Andre; Cooks, R. Graham Chemical Communications, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1039/b602614a	journal	January 2006
Analysis of secondary organic aerosols in air using extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) Doezema, Lambert A.; Longin, Teresa; Cody, William RSC Advances, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ra00961g	journal	January 2012
Molecular characterization of ultrafine particles using extractive electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry Surdu, Mihnea; Pospisilova, Veronika; Xiao, Mao Environmental Science: Atmospheres, Vol. 1, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EA00050K	journal	January 2021
Characterizing an Extractive Electrospray Ionization (EESI) Source for the Online Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Organic Aerosols Gallimore, Peter J.; Kalberer, Markus Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 47, Issue 13, p. 7324-7331 https://doi.org/10.1021/es305199h	journal	June 2013
Comprehensive modeling study of ozonolysis of oleic acid aerosol based on real‐time, online measurements of aerosol composition Gallimore, P. J.; Griffiths, P. T.; Pope, F. D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 122, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026221	journal	April 2017
Direct measurements of semi-volatile organic compound dynamics show near-unity mass accommodation coefficients for diverse aerosols Liu, Xiaoxi; Day, Douglas A.; Krechmer, Jordan E. Communications Chemistry, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-019-0200-x	journal	August 2019
Experimental Study of OH-Initiated Heterogeneous Oxidation of Organophosphate Flame Retardants: Kinetics, Mechanism, and Toxicity Liu, Qifan; Liggio, John; Wu, Dongmei Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 53, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05327	journal	November 2019
Organic aerosol source apportionment in Zurich using an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS) – Part 2: Biomass burning influences in winter Qi, Lu; Chen, Mindong; Stefenelli, Giulia Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8037-2019	journal	January 2019
Organic aerosol source apportionment in Zurich using an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS) – Part 1: Biogenic influences and day–night chemistry in summer Stefenelli, Giulia; Pospisilova, Veronika; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe D. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14825-2019	journal	January 2019
Emission factors and evolution of SO₂ measured from biomass burning in wildfires and agricultural fires Rickly, Pamela S.; Guo, Hongyu; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-15603-2022	journal	December 2022
Airborne sampling of aerosol particles: Comparison between surface sampling at Christmas Island and P-3 sampling during PEM-Tropics B Dibb, Jack E.; Talbot, Robert W.; Seid, Garry Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue D2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000408	journal	November 2002
Seasonal distributions of fine aerosol sulfate in the North American Arctic basin during TOPSE Scheuer, Eric Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue D4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD001364	journal	January 2003
Improved aqueous scrubber for collection of soluble atmospheric trace gases Cofer, Wesley R.; Collins, Vernon G.; Talbot, Robert W. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00136a012	journal	June 1985
A new technique for collection, concentration and determination of gaseous tropospheric formaldehyde Cofer, Wesley R.; Edahl, Robert A. Atmospheric Environment (1967), Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(86)90282-9	journal	January 1986
Optimization of a Mist Chamber (Cofer Scrubber) for Sampling Water-Soluble Organics in Air Spaulding, Reggie S.; Talbot, Robert W.; Charles, M. Judith Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 36, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/es011189x	journal	March 2002
MZmine 2: Modular framework for processing, visualizing, and analyzing mass spectrometry-based molecular profile data Pluskal, Tomáš; Castillo, Sandra; Villar-Briones, Alejandro BMC Bioinformatics, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-11-395	journal	July 2010
MZmine: toolbox for processing and visualization of mass spectrometry based molecular profile data Katajamaa, M.; Miettinen, J.; Oresic, M. Bioinformatics, Vol. 22, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btk039	journal	January 2006
Higher-Order Mass Defect Analysis for Mass Spectra of Complex Organic Mixtures Roach, Patrick J.; Laskin, Julia; Laskin, Alexander Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 83, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac200654j	journal	June 2011
Characteristics of the atmospheric CO₂ signal as observed over the conterminous United States during INTEX‐NA Choi, Yonghoon; Vay, Stephanie A.; Vadrevu, Krishna P. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 113, Issue D7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD008899	journal	April 2008
Improved agreement of AIRS tropospheric carbon monoxide products with other EOS sensors using optimal estimation retrievals Warner, J. X.; Wei, Z.; Strow, L. L. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-9521-2010	journal	January 2010
Fast-response, high-precision carbon monoxide sensor using a tunable diode laser absorption technique Sachse, Glen W.; Hill, Gerald F.; Wade, Larry O. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 92, Issue D2 https://doi.org/10.1029/JD092iD02p02071	journal	January 1987
Transport of boreal forest fire emissions from Canada to Europe Forster, Caroline; Wandinger, Ulla; Wotawa, Gerhard Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 106, Issue D19 https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD900115	journal	October 2001
Asian dust storm events of spring 2001 and associated pollutants observed in New England by the Atmospheric Investigation, Regional Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (AIRMAP) monitoring network DeBell, Linsey J. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 109, Issue D1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2003JD003733	journal	January 2004
Ozone-CO Correlations in Siberian Wildfire Plumes Observed at Rishiri Island Tanimoto, Hiroshi; Matsumoto, Kiyoshi; Uematsu, Mitsuo SOLA, Vol. 4 https://doi.org/10.2151/sola.2008-017	journal	January 2008
Satellite mapping of CO emission from forest fires in Northwest America using MOPITT measurements Liu, Jane; Drummond, James R.; Li, Qinbin Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 95, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2005.01.009	journal	April 2005
Interpretation of organic components from Positive Matrix Factorization of aerosol mass spectrometric data Ulbrich, I. M.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Zhang, Q. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2891-2009	journal	January 2009
Response of the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer to Inorganic Sulfates and Organosulfur Compounds: Applications in Field and Laboratory Measurements Chen, Yunle; Xu, Lu; Humphry, Tim Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 53, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00884	journal	April 2019
Fine-particle water and pH in the southeastern United States Guo, H.; Xu, L.; Bougiatioti, A. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-5211-2015	journal	January 2015
Light-Absorbing Brown Carbon Aerosol Constituents from Combustion of Indonesian Peat and Biomass Budisulistiorini, Sri Hapsari; Riva, Matthieu; Williams, Michael Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00397	journal	March 2017
Molecular composition of particulate matter emissions from dung and brushwood burning household cookstoves in Haryana, India Fleming, Lauren T.; Lin, Peng; Laskin, Alexander Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-2461-2018	journal	January 2018
Lignin pyrolysis products, lignans, and resin acids as specific tracers of plant classes in emissions from biomass combustion Simoneit, Bernd R. T.; Rogge, W. F.; Mazurek, M. A. Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 27, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/es00048a034	journal	November 1993
Molecular Chemistry of Atmospheric Brown Carbon Inferred from a Nationwide Biomass Burning Event Lin, Peng; Bluvshtein, Nir; Rudich, Yinon Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 51, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b02276	journal	August 2017
Methyl-Nitrocatechols: Atmospheric Tracer Compounds for Biomass Burning Secondary Organic Aerosols Iinuma, Yoshiteru; Böge, Olaf; Gräfe, Ricarda Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 44, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1021/es102938a	journal	November 2010
Mass spectral studies of alkylbenzenesulphonic acids through their S‐benzylisothiouronium salts Borthakur, Arun; Rao, V. S. Bhaskar Organic Mass Spectrometry, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210190109	journal	January 1984
Analysis of oilfield produced waters and production chemicals by electrospray ionisation multi-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn) McCormack, P. Water Research, Vol. 35, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00070-7	journal	October 2001
Monitoring Long-Chain Intermediate Products from the Degradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates in the Marine Environment by Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Liquid Chromatography/Ionspray Mass Spectrometry González-Mazo, Eduardo; Honing, Maarten; Barceló, Damia Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 31, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/es960333p	journal	January 1997
Determination of parts per trillion level of carboxylic degradation products of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates in coastal water by solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography/ionspray/mass spectrometry using negative ion detection Riu, J.; Gonzalez-Mazo, E.; Gomez-Parra, A. Chromatographia, Vol. 50, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02490828	journal	September 1999
Analysis of anionic surfactants by mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry with fast atom bombardment Lyon, Philip A.; Stebbings, William L.; Crow, Frank W. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 56, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00265a004	journal	January 1984
Formation of nitrogen- and sulfur-containing light-absorbing compounds accelerated by evaporation of water from secondary organic aerosols: BROWN CARBON FROM DROPLET EVAPORATION Nguyen, Tran B.; Lee, Paula B.; Updyke, Katelyn M. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, Vol. 117, Issue D1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD016944	journal	January 2012
Compositional Space Boundaries for Organic Compounds Lobodin, Vladislav V.; Marshall, Alan G.; Hsu, Chang Samuel Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 84, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/ac300244f	journal	March 2012
Molecular characterization of organic content of soot along the centerline of a coflow diffusion flame Cain, Jeremy; Laskin, Alexander; Kholghy, Mohammad Reza Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., Vol. 16, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CP03330B	journal	January 2014
The AeroCom evaluation and intercomparison of organic aerosol in global models Tsigaridis, K.; Daskalakis, N.; Kanakidou, M. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-10845-2014	journal	January 2014
Rethinking the global secondary organic aerosol (SOA) budget: stronger production, faster removal, shorter lifetime Hodzic, Alma; Kasibhatla, Prasad S.; Jo, Duseong S. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7917-2016	journal	January 2016

Similar Records

Probing Atmospheric Aerosols by Multimodal Mass Spectrometry Techniques: Revealing Aging Characteristics of Its Individual Molecular Components

Journal Article · 2023 · ACS Earth and Space Chemistry · OSTI ID:2280603

Siemens, Kyla S. A.; Pagonis, Demetrios; Guo, Hongyu; +5 more

Molecular and physical characteristics of aerosol at a remote free troposphere site: implications for atmospheric aging

Journal Article · 2018 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) · OSTI ID:1610911

Schum, Simeon K.; Zhang, Bo; Džepina, Katja; +3 more

Real-time measurement of sodium chloride in individual aerosol particles by mass spectrometry

Journal Article · 1985 · Anal. Chem.; (United States) · OSTI ID:5104782

Sinha, M P; Friedlander, S K

Related Subjects

54 Environmental Sciences

Probing Atmospheric Aerosols by Multimodal Mass Spectrometry Techniques: Revealing Aging Characteristics of Its Individual Molecular Components

Citation Formats

References (72)

Similar Records

Related Subjects