Properties of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles studied by hyperfine interactions and magnetization measurements

Journal Article · Sun May 15 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · AIP Advances

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4943601· OSTI ID:22611757

Bosch-Santos, B.; Cavalcante, F. H. M.; Carbonari, A. W.; Potiens, M. P. A. ^[1]; Correa, B. S. ^[2]; Freitas, R. S. ^[3]

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1. Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo (Brazil)
2. Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia, Federal University of Pará, 68440-000, Abaetetuba, PA (Brazil)
3. Instituto de Física, University of São Paulo, CP 66318, 05314-970, São Paulo, SP (Brazil)

The magnetic behavior of Gd{sub 2}O{sub 3} nanoparticles, produced by thermal decomposition method and subsequently annealed at different temperatures, was investigated by magnetization measurements and, at an atomic level, by perturbed γ − γ angular correlation (PAC) spectroscopy measuring hyperfine interactions at {sup 111}In({sup 111}Cd) probe nuclei. Nanoparticle structure, size and shape were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Magnetization measurements were carried out to characterize the paramagnetic behavior of the samples. XRD results show that all samples crystallize in the cubic-C form of the bixbyite structure with space group Ia3. TEM images showed that particles annealed at 873 K present particles with highly homogeneous sizes in the range from 5 nm to 10 nm and those annealed at 1273 K show particles with quite different sizes from 5 nm to 100 nm, with a wide size distribution. PAC and magnetization results show that samples annealed at 873 and 1273 K are paramagnetic. Magnetization measurements show no indication of blocking temperatures for all samples down to 2 K and the presence of antiferromagnetic correlations.

• OSTI ID: 22611757
• Journal Information: AIP Advances, Vol. 6, Issue 5; Other Information: (c) 2016 Author(s); Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 2158-3226
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
ANNEALING
ANTIFERROMAGNETISM
CADMIUM 111
CHANNELING
DISTRIBUTION
ELECTRONS
GADOLINIUM OXIDES
INDIUM 111
MAGNETIZATION
NANOPARTICLES
PARAMAGNETISM
PERTURBED ANGULAR CORRELATION
PYROLYSIS
SPACE GROUPS
SPECTROSCOPY
TRANSMISSION
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
X-RAY DIFFRACTION