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Title: THE CARMA PAIRED ANTENNA CALIBRATION SYSTEM: ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION FOR MILLIMETER WAVE INTERFEROMETRY AND ITS APPLICATION TO MAPPING THE ULTRALUMINOUS GALAXY ARP 193

Abstract

Phase fluctuations introduced by the atmosphere are the main limiting factor in attaining diffraction limited performance in extended interferometric arrays at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. We report the results of C-PACS, the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy Paired Antenna Calibration System. We present a systematic study of several hundred test observations taken during the 2009–2010 winter observing season where we utilize CARMA's eight 3.5 m antennas to monitor an atmospheric calibrator while simultaneously acquiring science observations with 6.1 and 10.4 m antennas on baselines ranging from a few hundred meters to ∼2 km. We find that C-PACS is systematically successful at improving coherence on long baselines under a variety of atmospheric conditions. We find that the angular separation between the atmospheric calibrator and target source is the most important consideration, with consistently successful phase correction at CARMA requiring a suitable calibrator located ≲6° away from the science target. We show that cloud cover does not affect the success of C-PACS. We demonstrate C-PACS in typical use by applying it to the observations of the nearby very luminous infrared galaxy Arp 193 in {sup 12}CO(2-1) at a linear resolution of ≈70 pc (0.″12 × 0.″18), 3 times better thanmore » previously published molecular maps of this galaxy. We resolve the molecular disk rotation kinematics and the molecular gas distribution and measure the gas surface densities and masses on 90 pc scales. We find that molecular gas constitutes ∼30% of the dynamical mass in the inner 700 pc of this object with a surface density ∼10{sup 4} M{sub ⊙} pc{sup −2}; we compare these properties to those of the starburst region of NGC 253.« less

Authors:
; ; ; ; ; ; ;  [1];  [2];  [3]; ; ; ; ;  [4];  [5]; ;  [6];  [7];  [8] more »; « less
  1. Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (United States)
  2. California Institute of Technology, Department of Astronomy, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States)
  3. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box 0, Socorro, NM 87801 (United States)
  4. California Institute of Technology, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Big Pine, CA 93513 (United States)
  5. CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, P.O. Box 76, Epping NSW 1710 (Australia)
  6. Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637 (United States)
  7. Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)
  8. Department of Astronomy, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
22520033
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Astronomical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 151; Journal Issue: 1; Other Information: Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Journal ID: ISSN 1538-3881
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY; ANTENNAS; ASTRONOMY; CALIBRATION; CARBON 12; CARBON MONOXIDE; CLOUD COVER; COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS; CORRECTIONS; DENSITY; DIFFRACTION; FLUCTUATIONS; GALAXIES; INFRARED RADIATION; INTERFEROMETRY; MAPPING; MASS

Citation Formats

Zauderer, B. Ashley, Bolatto, Alberto D., Vogel, Stuart N., Curley, Roger, Pound, Marc W., Mundy, Lee G., Teng, Stacy H., Teuben, Peter J., Carpenter, John M., Peréz, Laura M., Lamb, James W., Woody, David P., Leitch, Erik M., Muchovej, Stephen J., Volgenau, Nikolaus H., Bock, Douglas C.-J., Carlstrom, John E., Culverhouse, Thomas L., Plambeck, Richard L., Marrone, Daniel P., and others, and. THE CARMA PAIRED ANTENNA CALIBRATION SYSTEM: ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION FOR MILLIMETER WAVE INTERFEROMETRY AND ITS APPLICATION TO MAPPING THE ULTRALUMINOUS GALAXY ARP 193. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.3847/0004-6256/151/1/18.
Zauderer, B. Ashley, Bolatto, Alberto D., Vogel, Stuart N., Curley, Roger, Pound, Marc W., Mundy, Lee G., Teng, Stacy H., Teuben, Peter J., Carpenter, John M., Peréz, Laura M., Lamb, James W., Woody, David P., Leitch, Erik M., Muchovej, Stephen J., Volgenau, Nikolaus H., Bock, Douglas C.-J., Carlstrom, John E., Culverhouse, Thomas L., Plambeck, Richard L., Marrone, Daniel P., & others, and. THE CARMA PAIRED ANTENNA CALIBRATION SYSTEM: ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION FOR MILLIMETER WAVE INTERFEROMETRY AND ITS APPLICATION TO MAPPING THE ULTRALUMINOUS GALAXY ARP 193. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/151/1/18
Zauderer, B. Ashley, Bolatto, Alberto D., Vogel, Stuart N., Curley, Roger, Pound, Marc W., Mundy, Lee G., Teng, Stacy H., Teuben, Peter J., Carpenter, John M., Peréz, Laura M., Lamb, James W., Woody, David P., Leitch, Erik M., Muchovej, Stephen J., Volgenau, Nikolaus H., Bock, Douglas C.-J., Carlstrom, John E., Culverhouse, Thomas L., Plambeck, Richard L., Marrone, Daniel P., and others, and. 2016. "THE CARMA PAIRED ANTENNA CALIBRATION SYSTEM: ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION FOR MILLIMETER WAVE INTERFEROMETRY AND ITS APPLICATION TO MAPPING THE ULTRALUMINOUS GALAXY ARP 193". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-6256/151/1/18.
@article{osti_22520033,
title = {THE CARMA PAIRED ANTENNA CALIBRATION SYSTEM: ATMOSPHERIC PHASE CORRECTION FOR MILLIMETER WAVE INTERFEROMETRY AND ITS APPLICATION TO MAPPING THE ULTRALUMINOUS GALAXY ARP 193},
author = {Zauderer, B. Ashley and Bolatto, Alberto D. and Vogel, Stuart N. and Curley, Roger and Pound, Marc W. and Mundy, Lee G. and Teng, Stacy H. and Teuben, Peter J. and Carpenter, John M. and Peréz, Laura M. and Lamb, James W. and Woody, David P. and Leitch, Erik M. and Muchovej, Stephen J. and Volgenau, Nikolaus H. and Bock, Douglas C.-J. and Carlstrom, John E. and Culverhouse, Thomas L. and Plambeck, Richard L. and Marrone, Daniel P. and others, and},
abstractNote = {Phase fluctuations introduced by the atmosphere are the main limiting factor in attaining diffraction limited performance in extended interferometric arrays at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. We report the results of C-PACS, the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy Paired Antenna Calibration System. We present a systematic study of several hundred test observations taken during the 2009–2010 winter observing season where we utilize CARMA's eight 3.5 m antennas to monitor an atmospheric calibrator while simultaneously acquiring science observations with 6.1 and 10.4 m antennas on baselines ranging from a few hundred meters to ∼2 km. We find that C-PACS is systematically successful at improving coherence on long baselines under a variety of atmospheric conditions. We find that the angular separation between the atmospheric calibrator and target source is the most important consideration, with consistently successful phase correction at CARMA requiring a suitable calibrator located ≲6° away from the science target. We show that cloud cover does not affect the success of C-PACS. We demonstrate C-PACS in typical use by applying it to the observations of the nearby very luminous infrared galaxy Arp 193 in {sup 12}CO(2-1) at a linear resolution of ≈70 pc (0.″12 × 0.″18), 3 times better than previously published molecular maps of this galaxy. We resolve the molecular disk rotation kinematics and the molecular gas distribution and measure the gas surface densities and masses on 90 pc scales. We find that molecular gas constitutes ∼30% of the dynamical mass in the inner 700 pc of this object with a surface density ∼10{sup 4} M{sub ⊙} pc{sup −2}; we compare these properties to those of the starburst region of NGC 253.},
doi = {10.3847/0004-6256/151/1/18},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22520033}, journal = {Astronomical Journal (Online)},
issn = {1538-3881},
number = 1,
volume = 151,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jan 15 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Fri Jan 15 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}