Nonlinear effects in ultrasound fields of diagnostic-type transducers used for kidney stone propulsion: Characterization in water

Journal Article · Wed Oct 28 00:00:00 EDT 2015 · AIP Conference Proceedings

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4934397· OSTI ID:22492627

Cunitz, B.; Kreider, W.; Bailey, M. ^[1]; Yuldashev, P.; Andriyakhina, Y. ^[2]; Sapozhnikov, O.; Khokhlova, V. ^[2]

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1. Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound, Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, 1013 NE 40"t"h Street, Seattle, WA 98105 (United States)
2. Physics Faculty, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow (Russian Federation)

Newer imaging and therapeutic ultrasound technologies require higher in situ pressure levels compared to conventional diagnostic values. One example is the recently developed use of focused ultrasonic radiation force to move kidney stones and residual fragments out of the urinary collecting system. A commercial diagnostic 2.3 MHz C5-2 array probe is used to deliver the acoustic pushing pulses. The probe comprises 128 elements equally spaced at the 55 mm long convex cylindrical surface with 38 mm radius of curvature. The efficacy of the treatment can be increased by using higher intensity at the focus to provide stronger pushing force; however, nonlinear acoustic saturation can be a limiting factor. In this work nonlinear propagation effects were analyzed for the C5-2 transducer using a combined measurement and modeling approach. Simulations were based on the 3D Westervelt equation; the boundary condition was set to match the focal geometry of the beam as measured at a low power output. Focal waveforms simulated for increased output power levels were compared with the fiber-optic hydrophone measurements and were found in good agreement. It was shown that saturation effects do limit the acoustic pressure in the focal region of the transducer. This work has application to standard diagnostic probes and imaging.

• OSTI ID: 22492627
• Journal Information: AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1685, Issue 1; Conference: 20. international symposium on nonlinear acoustics, Ecully (France), 29 Jun - 3 Jul 2015, 2. international sonic boom forum, Ecully (France), 29 Jun - 3 Jul 2015; Other Information: (c) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0094-243X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
BIOMEDICAL RADIOGRAPHY
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
CALCULI
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
CYLINDRICAL CONFIGURATION
FIBERS
KIDNEYS
MHZ RANGE 01-100
NONLINEAR PROBLEMS
PROBES
PROPULSION
PULSES
SATURATION
SIMULATION
THREE-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS
TRANSDUCERS
ULTRASONIC WAVES
ULTRASONOGRAPHY
WATER