Investigation of carbon-coated lithiated Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C for lithium-ion batteries
Highlights: • Lithiated Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C with pre-stored active Li ions has been synthesized. • The first-cycle coulombic efficiency of Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C is over 100%. • Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C displays excellent cyclic stability and capacity retention. • TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles and carbon coating are necessary for formation of Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C. - Abstract: Carbon-coated Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} and lithiated Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} anode materials have been synthesized using nanosized anatase TiO{sub 2} and commercial TiO{sub 2} with mixed structure as Ti sources, respectively. Microstructural investigation indicates that Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} and Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} are covered by amorphous carbon layers with thickness of 2–3 nm. Their electrochemical performance has been evaluated, which indicates that an amount of active Li ions have been pre-stored in the Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12} lattice during solid-state synthesis, resulting in its first-cycle coulombic efficiency over 100%. Further, Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C exhibits higher cyclic capacities than Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C at different current density. The reversible charge capacity retention of Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C reaches 98.5% after 100 cycles, which indicates that Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C is promising candidate anode material for long lifetime lithium-ion batteries. The formation mechanism of Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C has been discussed, in which the nanosized anatase TiO{sub 2} with high chemical activity and the carbon coating play key roles for the formation of Li{sub 4+x}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}/C.
- OSTI ID:
- 22475990
- Journal Information:
- Materials Research Bulletin, Vol. 71; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2015 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0025-5408
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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