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A Testing Framework for Grid-Forming Resources

Conference ·
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This paper presents a testing framework for grid-forming (GFM) resources. First, it analytically derives in the frequency domain the active and reactive power response of an ideal voltage source with a reactor. These transfer functions are then used to quantify the voltage source behavior expected from a GFM inverter within subtransient timescales (5-15 cycles) following a grid disturbance. The paper also shows that the testing of a GFM inverter might require a reactor of an appropriate size between the inverter and the grid simulator used for the inverter testing. Finally, the paper presents a systematic approach for developing specifications for GFM resources using active and reactive power response frequency scans. The testing framework and results presented in this paper are demonstrated using EMT-PSCAD simulations of a 1-MW GFM inverter.

Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Electricity (OE); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Wind Energy Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office
DOE Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
2229560
Report Number(s):
NREL/CP-5D00-88262; MainId:89037; UUID:b9bcb892-74b5-4292-8ce4-0cc790528ea3; MainAdminID:71265
Resource Relation:
Conference: Presented at the the 2023 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM), 16-20 July 2023, Orlando, Florida; Related Information: 84604
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (3)

A reversed impedance-based stability criterion for IBR grids conference January 2022
Sequence Impedance Measurement of Utility-Scale Wind Turbines and Inverters – Reference Frame, Frequency Coupling, and MIMO/SISO Forms journal March 2022
Impedance Modeling of Three-Phase Voltage Source Converters in DQ, Sequence, and Phasor Domains journal September 2017

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Related Subjects

POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
frequency scans
grid simulator
grid-forming inverters
power system stability
specifications
stability
testing