MEK1/2 dual-specificity protein kinases: Structure and regulation
- Blue Ridge Institute for Medical Research, 3754 Brevard Road, Suite 116, Box 19, Horse Shoe, NC 28742 (United States)
Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer MEK1 is activated by phosphorylation of S218 and S222 in its activation segment. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer MEK1 activation requires KSR, which functions as a scaffold and a protein kinase. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer S212 phosphorylation in the MEK1 activation segment is inhibitory. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer MEK1 and MEK2 contain a catalytic and a regulatory spine. -- Abstract: MEK1 and MEK2 are related protein kinases that participate in the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction cascade. This cascade participates in the regulation of a large variety of processes including apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell migration, differentiation, metabolism, and proliferation. Moreover, oncogenic mutations in RAS or B-RAF are responsible for a large proportion of human cancers. MEK1 is activated by phosphorylation of S218 and S222 in its activation segment as catalyzed by RAF kinases in an intricate process that involves a KSR scaffold. Besides functioning as a scaffold, the kinase activity of KSR is also required for MEK activation. MEK1 regulation is unusual in that S212 phosphorylation in its activation segment is inhibitory. Moreover, active ERK catalyzes a feedback inhibitory phosphorylation of MEK1 T292 that serves to downregulate the pathway.
- OSTI ID:
- 22207615
- Journal Information:
- Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, Vol. 417, Issue 1; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0006-291X
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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