Location and oxidation state of iron in Fe-substituted CuInS{sub 2} chalcopyrites
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 (United States)
- Department of Physics, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 (United States)
- RJ Lee Group, Inc., 350 Hochberg Rd., Monroeville, PA 15146 (United States)
- Chemical and Engineering Materials Division, Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 (United States)
CuIn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}S{sub 2}(x=0-0.30) was synthesized via high-temperature, solid-state synthesis. Phase-pure materials were found in samples where x=0-0.15, after which a secondary phase became apparent. The materials were characterized with the use of X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and Reitveld refinement revealed a linear decrease in unit cell volume as the amount of iron substitution increases in accordance with Vegard's Law. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) confirms that the actual stoichiometry is close to the nominal composition of the materials. The temperature for both the chalcopyrite-to-sphalerite and the sphalerite-to-wurtzite phase transitions decreases with increasing iron substitution for indium. These findings suggest that the Fe is being randomly incorporated into the crystal structure of the CuInS{sub 2}. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were used to determine the oxidation state of the ions (Cu{sup 1+}, In{sup 3+,} and S{sup 2-}), and Fe{sup 57} Moessbauer spectroscopy verified that the iron is in the 3{sup +} oxidation state. Band gaps of the solid solution were estimated to be in the range of 0.70-0.85 eV. Rietveld refinement of neutron diffraction data indicates that the iron is occupying the In site within the chalcopyrite structure. - Graphical abstract: CuIn{sub 1-x}Fe{sub x}S{sub 2} samples were prepared by solid-state synthesis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Moessbauer spectroscopy indicate Cu{sup +}, In{sup 3+}, Fe{sup 3+} and S{sup 2-} in the samples. Rietveld refinement of neutron powder diffraction data shows Fe{sup 3+} residing on the indium site. The band gaps of the iron-containing samples decrease to {approx}0.7 eV. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the presence of Cu{sup +}, In{sup 3+} and S{sup 2-}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Moessbauer spectroscopy indicates the presence of Fe{sup 3+}. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Rietveld refinement of neutron powder diffraction data shows iron on the indium site. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The band gap decreases to {approx}0.7 eV with only 5% iron substitution. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Additional characterization is reported.
- OSTI ID:
- 22131188
- Journal Information:
- Journal of Solid State Chemistry, Vol. 197; Other Information: Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0022-4596
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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