FERMI-LAT OBSERVATIONS OF THE DIFFUSE {gamma}-RAY EMISSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMIC RAYS AND THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

Ackermann, M; Ajello, M; Bechtol, K; Berenji, B; Blandford, R D; Bloom, E D; Borgland, A W; Buehler, R; Atwood, W B; Baldini, L; Bellazzini, R; Bregeon, J; Ballet, J; Barbiellini, G; Bastieri, D; Buson, S; Bonamente, E; Brandt, T J; Brigida, M; Bruel, P; others, and

doi:10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/3

Title: FERMI-LAT OBSERVATIONS OF THE DIFFUSE {gamma}-RAY EMISSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR COSMIC RAYS AND THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

Journal Article · Tue May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2012 · Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/3· OSTI ID:22034580

Ackermann, M ^[1]; Ajello, M; Bechtol, K; Berenji, B; Blandford, R D; Bloom, E D; Borgland, A W; Buehler, R ^[2]; Atwood, W B ^[3]; Baldini, L; Bellazzini, R; Bregeon, J ^[4]; Ballet, J ^[5]; Barbiellini, G ^[6]; Bastieri, D; Buson, S ^[7]; Bonamente, E ^[8]; Brandt, T J ^[9]; Brigida, M ^[10]; Bruel, P ^[11] more »

Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, D-15738 Zeuthen (Germany)
W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States)
Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 (United States)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa (Italy)
Laboratoire AIM, CEA-IRFU/CNRS/Universite Paris Diderot, Service d'Astrophysique, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette (France)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Trieste, I-34127 Trieste (Italy)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova (Italy)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia (Italy)
CNRS, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse cedex 4 (France)
Dipartimento di Fisica 'M. Merlin' dell'Universita e del Politecnico di Bari, I-70126 Bari (Italy)
Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS/IN2P3, Palaiseau (France)

The {gamma}-ray sky >100 MeV is dominated by the diffuse emissions from interactions of cosmic rays with the interstellar gas and radiation fields of the Milky Way. Observations of these diffuse emissions provide a tool to study cosmic-ray origin and propagation, and the interstellar medium. We present measurements from the first 21 months of the Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) mission and compare with models of the diffuse {gamma}-ray emission generated using the GALPROP code. The models are fitted to cosmic-ray data and incorporate astrophysical input for the distribution of cosmic-ray sources, interstellar gas, and radiation fields. To assess uncertainties associated with the astrophysical input, a grid of models is created by varying within observational limits the distribution of cosmic-ray sources, the size of the cosmic-ray confinement volume (halo), and the distribution of interstellar gas. An all-sky maximum-likelihood fit is used to determine the X{sub CO} factor, the ratio between integrated CO-line intensity and H{sub 2} column density, the fluxes and spectra of the {gamma}-ray point sources from the first Fermi-LAT catalog, and the intensity and spectrum of the isotropic background including residual cosmic rays that were misclassified as {gamma}-rays, all of which have some dependency on the assumed diffuse emission model. The models are compared on the basis of their maximum-likelihood ratios as well as spectra, longitude, and latitude profiles. We also provide residual maps for the data following subtraction of the diffuse emission models. The models are consistent with the data at high and intermediate latitudes but underpredict the data in the inner Galaxy for energies above a few GeV. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed, including the contribution by undetected point-source populations and spectral variations of cosmic rays throughout the Galaxy. In the outer Galaxy, we find that the data prefer models with a flatter distribution of cosmic-ray sources, a larger cosmic-ray halo, or greater gas density than is usually assumed. Our results in the outer Galaxy are consistent with other Fermi-LAT studies of this region that used different analysis methods than employed in this paper.

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OSTI ID:: 22034580

Journal Information:: Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 750, Issue 1; Other Information: Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0004-637X

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cosmic ray feedback in the FIRE simulations: constraining cosmic ray propagation with GeV gamma ray emission Chan, T. K.; Keres, D.; Hopkins, P. F. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1812.10496	text	January 2018
Gamma Ray polarimetry; a new window for the non-thermal Universe Ilie, Cosmin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1906.02824	text	January 2019
Search for Sources of Astrophysical Neutrinos Using Seven Years of IceCube Cascade Events Aartsen, M. G.; Ackermann, M.; Adams, J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.06714	text	January 2019
Consequences of Energetic Magnetar-Like Outbursts of Nearby Neutron Stars: $^{14}$C Events and the Cosmic Electron Spectrum Wang, F. Y.; Li, Xinyu; Chernyshov, D. O. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1911.03209	text	January 2019
Constraints to dark matter annihilation from high-latitude HAWC unidentified sources Coronado-Blazquez, Javier; Sanchez-Conde, Miguel A. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.02536	text	January 2020
The cosmic-ray content of the Orion-Eridanus superbubble Joubaud, T.; Grenier, I. A.; Casandjian, J. -M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2001.10139	text	January 2020

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