TURBULENT CLUSTERING OF PROTOPLANETARY DUST AND PLANETESIMAL FORMATION
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 (United States)
- ICREA and ICC, University of Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona (Spain)
- Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 (United States)
We study the clustering of inertial particles in turbulent flows and discuss its applications to dust particles in protoplanetary disks. Using numerical simulations, we compute the radial distribution function (RDF), which measures the probability of finding particle pairs at given distances, and the probability density function of the particle concentration. The clustering statistics depend on the Stokes number, St, defined as the ratio of the particle friction timescale, {tau}{sub p}, to the Kolmogorov timescale in the flow. In agreement with previous studies, we find that, in the dissipation range, the clustering intensity strongly peaks at St {approx_equal} 1, and the RDF for St {approx} 1 shows a fast power-law increase toward small scales, suggesting that turbulent clustering may considerably enhance the particle collision rate. Clustering at inertial-range scales is of particular interest to the problem of planetesimal formation. At these large scales, the strongest clustering is from particles with {tau}{sub p} in the inertial range. Clustering of these particles occurs primarily around a scale where the eddy turnover time is {approx}{tau}{sub p}. We find that particles of different sizes tend to cluster at different locations, leading to flat RDFs between different particles at small scales. In the presence of multiple particle sizes, the overall clustering strength decreases as the particle size distribution broadens. We discuss particle clustering in two recent models for planetesimal formation. We argue that, in the model based on turbulent clustering of chondrule-size particles, the probability of finding strong clusters that can seed planetesimals may have been significantly overestimated. We discuss various clustering mechanisms in simulations of planetesimal formation by gravitational collapse of dense clumps of meter-size particles, in particular the contribution from turbulent clustering due to the limited numerical resolution.
- OSTI ID:
- 21587441
- Journal Information:
- Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 740, Issue 1; Other Information: DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/740/1/6; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 0004-637X
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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