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Title: M-BAND IMAGING OF THE HR 8799 PLANETARY SYSTEM USING AN INNOVATIVE LOCI-BASED BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE

Abstract

Multi-wavelength observations/spectroscopy of exoplanetary atmospheres are the basis of the emerging exciting field of comparative exoplanetology. The HR 8799 planetary system is an ideal laboratory to study our current knowledge gap between massive field brown dwarfs and the cold 5 Gyr old solar system planets. The HR 8799 planets have so far been imaged at J- to L-band, with only upper limits available at M-band. We present here deep high-contrast Keck II adaptive optics M-band observations that show the imaging detection of three of the four currently known HR 8799 planets. Such detections were made possible due to the development of an innovative LOCI-based background subtraction scheme that is three times more efficient than a classical median background subtraction for Keck II AO data, representing a gain in telescope time of up to a factor of nine. These M-band detections extend the broadband photometric coverage out to {approx}5 {mu}m and provide access to the strong CO fundamental absorption band at 4.5 {mu}m. The new M-band photometry shows that the HR 8799 planets are located near the L/T-type dwarf transition, similar to what was found by other studies. We also confirm that the best atmospheric fits are consistent with low surfacemore » gravity, dusty, and non-equilibrium CO/CH{sub 4} chemistry models.« less

Authors:
;  [1]; ;  [2];  [3]
  1. National Research Council Canada, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC, V9E 2E7 (Canada)
  2. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550 (United States)
  3. Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 (United States)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
21565438
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Astrophysical Journal Letters
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 739; Journal Issue: 2; Other Information: DOI: 10.1088/2041-8205/739/2/L41; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8205
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY; ABSORPTION; CARBON MONOXIDE; METHANE; PHOTOMETRY; PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES; PLANETS; SOLAR SYSTEM; ALKANES; ATMOSPHERES; CARBON COMPOUNDS; CARBON OXIDES; CHALCOGENIDES; HYDROCARBONS; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; OXIDES; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; SORPTION

Citation Formats

Galicher, Raphael, Marois, Christian, Macintosh, Bruce, Konopacky, Quinn, and Barman, Travis. M-BAND IMAGING OF THE HR 8799 PLANETARY SYSTEM USING AN INNOVATIVE LOCI-BASED BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE. United States: N. p., 2011. Web. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/739/2/L41.
Galicher, Raphael, Marois, Christian, Macintosh, Bruce, Konopacky, Quinn, & Barman, Travis. M-BAND IMAGING OF THE HR 8799 PLANETARY SYSTEM USING AN INNOVATIVE LOCI-BASED BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/739/2/L41
Galicher, Raphael, Marois, Christian, Macintosh, Bruce, Konopacky, Quinn, and Barman, Travis. 2011. "M-BAND IMAGING OF THE HR 8799 PLANETARY SYSTEM USING AN INNOVATIVE LOCI-BASED BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/739/2/L41.
@article{osti_21565438,
title = {M-BAND IMAGING OF THE HR 8799 PLANETARY SYSTEM USING AN INNOVATIVE LOCI-BASED BACKGROUND SUBTRACTION TECHNIQUE},
author = {Galicher, Raphael and Marois, Christian and Macintosh, Bruce and Konopacky, Quinn and Barman, Travis},
abstractNote = {Multi-wavelength observations/spectroscopy of exoplanetary atmospheres are the basis of the emerging exciting field of comparative exoplanetology. The HR 8799 planetary system is an ideal laboratory to study our current knowledge gap between massive field brown dwarfs and the cold 5 Gyr old solar system planets. The HR 8799 planets have so far been imaged at J- to L-band, with only upper limits available at M-band. We present here deep high-contrast Keck II adaptive optics M-band observations that show the imaging detection of three of the four currently known HR 8799 planets. Such detections were made possible due to the development of an innovative LOCI-based background subtraction scheme that is three times more efficient than a classical median background subtraction for Keck II AO data, representing a gain in telescope time of up to a factor of nine. These M-band detections extend the broadband photometric coverage out to {approx}5 {mu}m and provide access to the strong CO fundamental absorption band at 4.5 {mu}m. The new M-band photometry shows that the HR 8799 planets are located near the L/T-type dwarf transition, similar to what was found by other studies. We also confirm that the best atmospheric fits are consistent with low surface gravity, dusty, and non-equilibrium CO/CH{sub 4} chemistry models.},
doi = {10.1088/2041-8205/739/2/L41},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21565438}, journal = {Astrophysical Journal Letters},
issn = {2041-8205},
number = 2,
volume = 739,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011},
month = {Sat Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2011}
}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Mapping of shadows cast on a protoplanetary disk by a close binary system
journal, November 2018


Spectral and orbital characterisation of the directly imaged giant planet HIP 65426 b
journal, January 2019


Scientific discovery with the James Webb Space Telescope
journal, April 2018


The Dynamical mass and Three-Dimensional Orbit of Hr7672b: a Benchmark Brown Dwarf with high Eccentricity
journal, May 2012


Neglected Clouds in t and y Dwarf Atmospheres
journal, August 2012


Direct Imaging of a cold Jovian Exoplanet in Orbit Around the Sun-Like star gj 504
journal, August 2013


Atmospheric Dynamics of Brown Dwarfs and Directly Imaged Giant Planets
journal, October 2013


C/O Ratios of Stars with Transiting hot Jupiter Exoplanets,
journal, May 2014


SIMULTANEOUS DETECTION OF WATER, METHANE, AND CARBON MONOXIDE IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF EXOPLANET HR 8799 b
journal, May 2015


Imaging Extrasolar Giant Planets
journal, August 2016


New constraints on the HR 8799 planetary system from mid-infrared direct imaging
journal, November 2019


pynpoint : an image processing package for finding exoplanets
journal, November 2012


Performance and early science with the Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics project
conference, September 2019


Detection of Carbon Monoxide and Water Absorption Lines in an Exoplanet Atmosphere
journal, March 2013


Characterizing 51 Eri b from 1 to 5 μ m: A Partly Cloudy Exoplanet
journal, June 2017


GPI Spectra of HR 8799 c, d, and e from 1.5 to 2.4 μ m with KLIP Forward Modeling
journal, May 2018


The Orbital Architecture and Debris Disks of the HR 8799 Planetary System
journal, September 2018


The exoplanet handbook: Book Review
journal, March 2012


Neglected Clouds in T and Y Dwarf Atmospheres
text, January 2012


New constraints on the HR 8799 planetary system from mid-infrared direct imaging
text, January 2019