Elemental analysis of printed circuit boards considering the ROHS regulations
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Department I: Analytical Chemistry - Reference Materials, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 12849 Berlin (Germany)
The EU RoHS Directive (2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council) bans the placing of new electrical and electronic equipment containing more than agreed levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants on the EU market. It necessitates methods for the evaluation of RoHS compliance of assembled electronic equipment. In this study mounted printed circuit boards from personal computers were analyzed on their content of the three elements Cd, Pb and Hg which were limited by the EU RoHS directive. Main focus of the investigations was the influence of sample pre-treatment on the precision and reproducibility of the results. The sample preparation steps used were based on the guidelines given in EN 62321. Five different types of dissolution procedures were tested on different subsequent steps of sample treatment like cutting and milling. Elemental analysis was carried out using ICP-OES, XRF and CV-AFS (Hg). The results obtained showed that for decision-making with respect to RoHS compliance a size reduction of the material to be analyzed to particles {<=}1.5 mm can already be sufficient. However, to ensure analytical results with relative standard deviations of less than 20%, as recommended by the EN 62321, a much larger effort for sample processing towards smaller particle sizes might be required which strongly depends on the mass fraction of the element under investigation.
- OSTI ID:
- 21550352
- Journal Information:
- Waste Management, Vol. 31, Issue 3; Other Information: DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.10.002; PII: S0956-053X(10)00505-2; Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; ISSN 0956-053X
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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Related Subjects
ORGANIC
PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
BIPHENYL
CADMIUM
CHROMIUM
COMMINUTION
CUTTING
DECISION MAKING
DISSOLUTION
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT
EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY
FLAMES
LEAD
MERCURY
MILLING
PARTICLE SIZE
PHENYL ETHER
POLLUTION REGULATIONS
PRINTED CIRCUITS
RECOMMENDATIONS
SAMPLE PREPARATION
X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS
AROMATICS
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
ELEMENTS
EQUIPMENT
ETHERS
HYDROCARBONS
LAWS
MACHINING
METALS
NONDESTRUCTIVE ANALYSIS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC OXYGEN COMPOUNDS
REGULATIONS
SIZE
SPECTROSCOPY
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
X-RAY EMISSION ANALYSIS