Protective action of the immunomodulator ginsan against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury via control of oxidative stress and the inflammatory response

Journal Article · Mon Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2010 · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2009.11.005· OSTI ID:21344854

Shim, Ji-Young; Kim, Mi-Hyoung; Kim, Hyung-Doo; Ahn, Ji-Yeon; Yun, Yeon-Sook ^[1]; Song, Jie-Young ^[1]

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1. Laboratory of Radiation Cancer Sciences, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, 215-4, Gongneung-dong, Nowon-ku, Seoul 139-706 (Korea, Republic of)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate immunomodulator ginsan, a polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl{sub 4})-induced liver injury. BALB/c mice were injected i.p. with ginsan 24 h prior to CCl{sub 4} administration. Serum liver enzyme levels, histology, expression of antioxidant enzymes, and several cytokines/chemokines were subsequently evaluated. Ginsan treatment markedly suppressed the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and hepatic histological necrosis increased by CCl{sub 4} treatment. Ginsan inhibited CCl{sub 4} induced lipid peroxidation through the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) downregulation. The hepatoprotective effect of ginsan was attributed to induction of anti-oxidant protein contents, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as well as restoration of the hepatic glutathione (GSH) concentration. The marked increase of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IFN-gamma) and chemokines (MCP-1, MIP-2beta, KC) in CCl{sub 4} treated mice was additionally attenuated by ginsan, thereby preventing leukocyte infiltration and local inflammation. Our results suggest that ginsan effectively prevent liver injury, mainly through downregulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response.

• OSTI ID: 21344854
• Journal Information: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Vol. 242, Issue 3; Other Information: DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.11.005; PII: S0041-008X(09)00471-2; Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved.; ISSN 0041-008X
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
ANTIOXIDANTS
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CATALASE
GLUTATHIONE
HISTOLOGY
INFLAMMATION
INJURIES
LEUKOCYTES
LIVER
LYMPHOKINES
MICE
NECROSIS
OXIDATION
SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE
ANIMALS
BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS
BLOOD
BLOOD CELLS
BODY
BODY FLUIDS
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
DISEASES
DRUGS
ENZYMES
GLANDS
GROWTH FACTORS
HALOGENATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
MAMMALS
MATERIALS
MITOGENS
ORGANIC CHLORINE COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
ORGANIC HALOGEN COMPOUNDS
ORGANS
OXIDOREDUCTASES
PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES
PEPTIDES
PEROXIDASES
POLYPEPTIDES
PROTEINS
RADIOPROTECTIVE SUBSTANCES
RESPONSE MODIFYING FACTORS
RODENTS
SYMPTOMS
VERTEBRATES