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Title: Role of oxidative stress in cadmium toxicity and carcinogenesis

Abstract

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal, targeting the lung, liver, kidney, and testes following acute intoxication, and causing nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, osteotoxicity and tumors after prolonged exposures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often implicated in Cd toxicology. This minireview focused on direct evidence for the generation of free radicals in intact animals following acute Cd overload and discussed the association of ROS in chronic Cd toxicity and carcinogenesis. Cd-generated superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals in vivo have been detected by the electron spin resonance spectra, which are often accompanied by activation of redox sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-{kappa}B, AP-1 and Nrf2) and alteration of ROS-related gene expression. It is generally agreed upon that oxidative stress plays important roles in acute Cd poisoning. However, following long-term Cd exposure at environmentally-relevant low levels, direct evidence for oxidative stress is often obscure. Alterations in ROS-related gene expression during chronic exposures are also less significant compared to acute Cd poisoning. This is probably due to induced adaptation mechanisms (e.g., metallothionein and glutathione) following chronic Cd exposures, which in turn diminish Cd-induced oxidative stress. In chronic Cd-transformed cells, less ROS signals are detected with fluorescence probes. Acquired apoptotic tolerance renders damaged cells to proliferatemore » with inherent oxidative DNA lesions, potentially leading to tumorigenesis. Thus, ROS are generated following acute Cd overload and play important roles in tissue damage. Adaptation to chronic Cd exposure reduces ROS production, but acquired Cd tolerance with aberrant gene expression plays important roles in chronic Cd toxicity and carcinogenesis.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2]
  1. Inorganic Carcinogenesis Section, Laboratory of Comparative Carcinogenesis, NCI at NIEHS, 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, MD F0-09, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States)
  2. Laboratory of Pharmacology and Chemistry, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 (United States)
Publication Date:
OSTI Identifier:
21272608
Resource Type:
Journal Article
Journal Name:
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 238; Journal Issue: 3; Other Information: DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.01.029; PII: S0041-008X(09)00070-2; Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands, All rights reserved; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Journal ID: ISSN 0041-008X
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; CADMIUM; CARCINOGENESIS; CHRONIC EXPOSURE; ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE; FLUORESCENCE; GENES; GLUTATHIONE; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE; HYDROXYL RADICALS; KIDNEYS; LIVER; LUNGS; METALLOTHIONEIN; NEOPLASMS; OXIDATION; POISONING; STRESSES; TOXICITY; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; TRANSFORMATIONS

Citation Formats

Liu Jie, Wei, Qu, and Kadiiska, Maria B. Role of oxidative stress in cadmium toxicity and carcinogenesis. United States: N. p., 2009. Web.
Liu Jie, Wei, Qu, & Kadiiska, Maria B. Role of oxidative stress in cadmium toxicity and carcinogenesis. United States.
Liu Jie, Wei, Qu, and Kadiiska, Maria B. 2009. "Role of oxidative stress in cadmium toxicity and carcinogenesis". United States.
@article{osti_21272608,
title = {Role of oxidative stress in cadmium toxicity and carcinogenesis},
author = {Liu Jie and Wei, Qu and Kadiiska, Maria B},
abstractNote = {Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal, targeting the lung, liver, kidney, and testes following acute intoxication, and causing nephrotoxicity, immunotoxicity, osteotoxicity and tumors after prolonged exposures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often implicated in Cd toxicology. This minireview focused on direct evidence for the generation of free radicals in intact animals following acute Cd overload and discussed the association of ROS in chronic Cd toxicity and carcinogenesis. Cd-generated superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals in vivo have been detected by the electron spin resonance spectra, which are often accompanied by activation of redox sensitive transcription factors (e.g., NF-{kappa}B, AP-1 and Nrf2) and alteration of ROS-related gene expression. It is generally agreed upon that oxidative stress plays important roles in acute Cd poisoning. However, following long-term Cd exposure at environmentally-relevant low levels, direct evidence for oxidative stress is often obscure. Alterations in ROS-related gene expression during chronic exposures are also less significant compared to acute Cd poisoning. This is probably due to induced adaptation mechanisms (e.g., metallothionein and glutathione) following chronic Cd exposures, which in turn diminish Cd-induced oxidative stress. In chronic Cd-transformed cells, less ROS signals are detected with fluorescence probes. Acquired apoptotic tolerance renders damaged cells to proliferate with inherent oxidative DNA lesions, potentially leading to tumorigenesis. Thus, ROS are generated following acute Cd overload and play important roles in tissue damage. Adaptation to chronic Cd exposure reduces ROS production, but acquired Cd tolerance with aberrant gene expression plays important roles in chronic Cd toxicity and carcinogenesis.},
doi = {},
url = {https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21272608}, journal = {Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology},
issn = {0041-008X},
number = 3,
volume = 238,
place = {United States},
year = {Sat Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2009},
month = {Sat Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 2009}
}